Background: The O-RADS system is a new proposal for establishing the risk of malignancy of adnexal masses using ultrasound. The objective of this study is to assess the agreement and diagnostic performance of O-RADS when using the IOTA lexicon or ADNEX model for assigning the O-RADS risk group. Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. All women diagnosed as having an adnexal mass underwent transvaginal/transabdominal ultrasound. Adnexal masses were classified according to the O-RADS classification, using the criterion of the IOTA lexicon and according to the risk of malignancy determined by the ADNEX model. The agreement between both methods for assigning the O-RADS group was estimated using weighted Kappa and the percentage of agreement. The sensitivity and specificity of both approaches were calculated. Results: 454 adnexal masses in 412 women were evaluated during the study period. There were 64 malignant masses. The agreement between the two approaches was moderate (Kappa: 0.47), and the percentage of agreement was 46%. Most disagreements occurred for the groups O-RADS 2 and 3 and for groups O-RADS 3 and 4. The sensitivity and specificity for O-RADS using the IOTA lexicon and O-RADS using the ADNEX model were 92.2% and 86.1%, and 85.9% and 87.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The diagnostic performance of O-RADS classification using the IOTA lexicon as opposed to the IOTA ADNEX model is similar. However, O-RADS group assignment varies significantly, depending on the use of the IOTA lexicon or the risk estimation using the ADNEX model. This fact might be clinically relevant and deserves further research.
We report a case of a 26-year-old G1 P0 with an enormous rhabdomyoma arising from the septum and compressing both ventricles. The first trimester NT was normal. A biochemical screening was suggested and refused by the couple. The diagnosis was done at 22 weeks with a hyperechoic mass located at the septum. Morphology scan did not reveal any other associated abnormalities. The mass increased in size during ultrasound follow-up to reach 3.4*2.8 cm. Despite that the mass reached a size big enough to obliterate the ventricular cavities and to limit severely the cardiac output, there was no hydrops. Umbilical and cerebral Doppler were within normal. Biometry was at the 10th percentile. At 36 weeks the patient was admitted for labour and delivered by Caesarean section in our university hospital. The baby had respiratory distress and underwent intubation and ventilation. Hemodynamic stabilisation was not possible, and as the couple had already agreed to this possibility the baby was taken for an immediate salvage surgery. He, unfortunately, deceased briefly following surgery because of cardiac failure. Pathology of the mass confirmed a rhabdomyoma. Parents' consent was obtained for the scientific report of this case.In conclusion, cardiac rhabdomyoma can have different neonatal outcomes. Size seemed to be an important prognostic factor in this reported case.
INTRODUCCIÓNEl síndrome de transfusión feto-materna (STFM), corresponde a la transferencia de sangre fetal directamente hacia la circulación materna durante el embarazo o durante el trabajo de parto. Es una patología poco frecuente; sin embargo, puede constituir una condición grave en cuyos casos más severos el feto puede sufrir anemia severa, encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica o incluso la muerte [1][2][3][4] .Durante la gestación normal existe de manera fisiológica un grado mínimo de transfusión fetomaterna, sin llegar a constituir un evento clínicamente relevante. Esta transfusión ocurre en la mayoría de los casos sin factores de riesgo identificables, y en promedio no superaría los 15 ml de sangre, permaneciendo en su gran mayoría clínicamente asintomáticas 5,6 . Se estima que una transfusión fetomaterna sería significativa cuando supera los 30 ml de sangre. [7][8][9] . Se han propuesto niveles de 80 a 150 ml de sangre para sangrados feto maternos o transfusiones "masivas" 10 . Tomando este valor como punto de corte, se estima que la incidencia de transfusión masiva sería alrededor de 3 cada 1000 recién nacidos vivos 11,12 . Es importante destacar que las implicancias clínicas de la transfusión feto materna guardan estrecha relación con el volumen porcentual de volemia fetal transfundida. Una pérdida sanguínea fetal superior a 20 ml/Kg (25% de la volemia fetal estimada) se asocia a mayor incidencia de muerte fetal, parto prematuro, hospitalización en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal (UCIN) y necesidad de transfusión neonatal 11 .Dada la gravedad potencial del cuadro, es importante el diagnóstico precoz para establecer el tratamiento oportuno, el cual, dependiendo de la edad gestacional, incluye desde la transfusión fetal in útero hasta la interrupción inmediata del embarazo 5 . Una herramienta diagnóstica fundamental orientada a la detección de la anemia fetal como consecuencia de la transfusión feto-materna es la ultrasonografía doppler obstétrica, la cual permite obtener una estimación bastante precisa de la magnitud de las repercusiones fetales por la anemia secundaria. Ésta, en conjunto con otras técnicas de laboratorio, tanto cualitativas como cuantitativas, permiten verificar el diagnóstico y estimar la gravedad del cuadro. Caso Clínico 1Paciente primigesta de 30 años, RH (-) no sensibilizada, sin antecedentes mórbidos asociados. Cursando embarazo controlado de 35+3 semanas, consulta al servicio de urgencia por ausencia de movimientos fetales desde alrededor de 16 horas antes. Al interrogatorio dirigido no refiere pérdida de líquido, sangrado genital, dinámica uterina, fiebre ni otro síntoma asociado. Se realiza ecografía doppler obstétrica que muestra feto vivo, creciendo en percentil 5 para su edad gestacional según Alarcón-Pittaluga, y oligohidroamnios moderado. Doppler de arteria cerebral media no evaluado, doppler de arteria umbilical normal. Se realiza registro de la frecuencia cardíaca fetal (FCF) que resulta no reactivo, con frecuencia basal de 150 latidos por minuto,
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