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Being one of the foremost enticing and intriguing innovations, heterogeneous photocatalysis has also been used to effectively gather, transform, and conserve sustainable sun‘s radiation for the production of efficient and clean fossil energy as well as a wide range of ecological implications. The generation of solar fuel‐based water splitting and CO2 photoreduction is excellent for generating alternative resources and reducing global warming. Developing an inexpensive photocatalyst can effectively split water into hydrogen (H2), oxygen (O2) sources, and carbon dioxide (CO2) into fuel sources, which is a crucial problem in photocatalysis. The metal‐free g‐C3N4 photocatalyst has a high solar fuel generation potential. This review covers the most recent advancements in g‐C3N4 preparation, including innovative design concepts and new synthesis methods, and novel ideas for expanding the light absorption of pure g‐C3N4 for photocatalytic application. Similarly, the main issue concerning research and prospects in photocatalysts based g‐C3N4 was also discussed. The current dissertation provides an overview of comprehensive understanding of the exploitation of the extraordinary systemic and characteristics, as well as the fabrication processes and uses of g‐C3N4.

One of the most frequent ways to widen the adsorption range of carbon nitride (CN) is to add a well-known photosensitizer into its basic structure. So far, such attachments have been accomplished by using weak van der Waals forces. However, using strong covalent bonding to attach such photosensitizer with CN is yet to be determined. Here, for the first time, we covalently bonded porphyrin (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-(2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazinyl) phenyl)-Porphyrin (TDP)), a renowned photosensitizer, effectively with CN by thermally balanced molecular strategy. A photoreaction system was set up for the deoxygenated conversion of CO2 to CO under visible light, where cobalt acted as a redox controller to speed up the charge transportation, while CN-TDP worked as a CO2 activating photocatalyst. The subsequent photocatalyst has a broader absorbance range, a greater specific surface area, and intramolecular organic connections that help to decrease the electron-hole pairs’ recombination rate. Furthermore, the average weight ratio between urea and TDP was well-tuned, resulting in a fantastic CO2 photoconversion for CN-TDP7.0 compared to the blank sample. This substantial increase in photocatalytic activity predicts a significant shift in CN’s specific surface area, band gap, chemical composition, and structure, as well as the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers from the ground state (HOMO) to the excited state (LUMO), making it a top candidate for CO2 photoreduction. At the same time, this approach paves the path for the bottom-up fabrication of carbon nitride nanosheets.

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Formamidinium iodide (FAI) based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have now been established as effective PSCs than methylammonium lead iodide perovskite for several years due to their optimal bandgap and high thermal stability.However, the FAI-based PSCs have humidity issues, due to which mixed cation perovskites are getting popular. MAI-based PSCs have better stability against high humidity but low thermal stabilities. Herein, we prepared highly crystallized, efficient, and large-grain size perovskite films via FAI postdripping process. In addition, the most promising structures FAI mixed MAPbI 3 were explored as stable and effective active layers. The post-dripping of FAI solution just after the MAPbI 3 deposition provides a robust longdistance diffusion, long carrier life, and enhanced grain sizes when compared to MAPbI 3 PSCs. Based on the facile way of mixed cation perovskite preparation by post-dripping, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) has risen from 15.24% to 17.52% in comparison with the pristine devices. This results in the best quality and large grain perovskite films which enhanced the PSCs' performance by reducing defect density and regulating the crystallization rate.