Green Synthesized Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) have sparked a lot of interest in numerous disciplines of science and Technology during the past decade. A wide range of biological resources has been employed in synthesizing CeO2NPs, including plants, microorganisms, and other biological products. Biosynthesis procedures, current knowledge, and prospects in the synthesis of Green synthesis of CeO2NPs are also discussed. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as aging, trauma, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and other neurological problems, are linked to higher oxidative stress and superoxide radicals generation. Cerium oxide nanoparticles' antioxidant properties suggest that they may be useful in the treatment of CNS diseases. The biological antioxidant benefits of cerium oxide nanoparticles on extending cell and organism lifespan, preventing a free radical attack, and preventing trauma-induced neurological damage are discussed in this section. CeO2NPs, an aspect of nanotechnology, would emerge as a novel drug delivery carrier through therapeutic strategies. In several diseases oxidative stress and inflammation. CeO2NPs exhibited a remarkable ability to switch between+3 and+4 oxidation states making this an efficient therapeutic option and an effective drug delivery agent. Further Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The overall goal of this study is to provide reasonable insight into CeO2NPs as new therapeutic agents and to solve the challenges, of safely and effectively employing these CeO2NPs for efficient management of Central Nervous System diseases.