Notable researchers tell us about acute pain management in opioid users and how it works and which drug group works effectively in them. The purpose of our study is to manage pain in opioid users during detox without the use of Analgesics. An experimental study is conducted among 36 male patients in the age group of 25 to 55 from Punjab, Pakistan. The purposive sampling technique was used in the collection of samples due to limited resources. We divided these samples into 3 different groups (medication, placebo, and physiotherapy) and after doing treatment according to their group we get the results through a self-report inventory. Most rehabilitation centers used analgesics to relieve symptomatic pain management but the problem is the drug-seeking behavior of opioid users. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 26. Of 12 patients in the placebo group only 25% feel better through a placebo treatment plan and in the analgesic group 75% of patients feel relieved and in the physiotherapy group, 66% of patients feel relieved. As a result of this, we concluded that physiotherapy can also play role in the rehabilitation process of opioid users and helps to minimize their drug-seeking behavior. Our research concludes that a positive but weak association between placebo in opioid pain management is present while strong but less association between physiotherapy in opioid users then analgesics.

The present study was conducted to explore the impact of behavioral factors on relapse among drug addicts and moderating role of psychological factors. The study was carried out on male drug addicts from different cities in Punjab. The sample was comprised of (N = 200) male drug addicts. The sample was selected by using purposive sampling. The General Health Questionnaire, Patient Depression Questionnaire PHQ-9, Drug Abuse Screening Test-10, Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale, Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and The Advance Warning of Relapse Questionnaire were used in the current study. Alpha coefficients and correlation matrix for all variables were computed. Moderation analysis further revealed that perceived stigma significantly moderated the relationship between drug and alcohol abuse severity and warning of relapse. The family function also moderated the relationship between drug and alcohol abuse severity and the sign of degeneration. It was found that Perceived stigma significantly moderated the relationship between alcohol and drug abuse severity and warning of relapse.

The study examined moderating role of job stress between laissez-faire leadership and avoidant decision-making style. The study also investigated the level of job stress in three occupation including universities in comparison with banks and hospitals classified as and low, medium and high stress occupations respectively. Data was collected through adopted questionnaire from hospitals (medical superintendents and officers), banks (managers and officers), and universities (heads and lecturers). First sample of 150 subordinates was collect in the first part to examine the level of job stress in three occupations. The second sample comprised of 1200 participants (300 supervisors and 900 subordinates). Before conducting the main study, as a pilot testing, 60 supervisors including 30 from each segment of participants were compared on job stress. Hospital superintendents significantly scored higher on job stress as compared to bank managers and head of departments in universities. Similarly, medical officers significantly scored higher on job stress as compared to bank officers and lecturers. Finally, job stress moderated the anticipated relationship. Keywords: Laissez-faire, Avoidant Decision, Job Stress, Universities, Banks, Hospitals.

The present study was sought to examine the role of rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous decision styles in the prediction of transformational, transactional, and laissez faire leadership styles. Research questionnaire were Urdu-translated versions of General Decision styles Questionnaire (Scott & Bruce, 1995) and Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Bass & Avolio, 2000). The sample of the current study consisted of 300 business managers from different regions of Pakistan. Purposive sampling was employed to collect the data. Multiple Regression analysis and Stepwise Regression analysis demonstrated impact of decision styles on leadership styles. Rational and intuitive decision style displayed positive effect and avoidant decision style displayed negative effect on transformational leadership style. Rational, intuitive, and dependent positively predicted transactional leadership style. Avoidant decision style displayed positive effect whereas rational and spontaneous decision style showed negative effect on laissez faire leadership style. The study shed light on the fact that the decisions of the leaders can be used as determining factors to assess their leadership in the business organizations. Keywords: Decision Making Styles, Leadership Styles, Business Managers.