This article proposes that sustainability represents a paradigmatic shift from traditional perspectives in entrepreneurship education. This “call to action” argues that it is imperative for entrepreneurship scholars and practitioners to add sustainability to academic curricula and consulting support activities. The evolutionary development of entrepreneurship from the traditional profit-oriented perspective to sustainable entrepreneurship is described. A case study of an academic institution, which has successfully incorporated sustainability principles into its curriculum, is provided.This article is among the first that details the importance of a paradigmatic shift because “business as usual” is no longer effective in the twenty-first century.

Presence is a leading service enabler that permits the leveraging of existing unused dynamic network and user-specified (presentity), although the model itself is seamlessly extensible to support a composite presence view derived from multiple sources.Initial simple notions of presence (online/offline status) have evolved to include context information such as disposition (out to lunch, away from the computer), activity status (on the phone, idle) and mood (happy, sad), among others. The presence server broadens the idea of presence recognizing that all such information, including location, describes different contexts of an entity's existence. Presence information is highly dynamic and sensitive (merits privacy considerations), and presence-capable applications generate value from using the current information at different times.In this letter, we explore the evolution of presence standards and discuss a converged architecture and value-added components of presence; we also provide a simple application example to illustrate how presence works. Presence StandardsAs shown in Figure 1, mainly three standards bodies define presence standards-the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) [4], which focuses on

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract