No abstract

Advancement in green chemistry has increased the use of microbial hydrolyases in various industries and chemical processes because of high catalytic efficiency, specificity, cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature. Bioconversion of tannins such as tannic acid is achieved by tannin acyl hydrolase, also known as tannase. It converts tannic acid into glucose and gallic acid by catalyzing the hydrolysis of ester and depside linkages in tannic acid. Tyrosinase is monophenol and O-diphenol oxidase a copper containing enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of tyrosine and generates different types of pigment such as melanin. Xylanases hydrolyze xylan into its constituent sugar with the help of several debranching enzymes. Microbial strains isolated from various sources were screened for these hydrolyases: Bhavnagar marine salterns (Bacillus megaterium BVUC_01 and Bacillus licheniformis BVUCh_02); Okhamadhi marine salterns Aspergillus versicolor; Spoiled/infected pomegranate (Xenoacremonium falcatum, two strains PGF1 and PGF4, Bacillus velezensisPGF2 and Candida freyschussiiPGF3. The other laboratory maintained bacterial cultures namely, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi were also used in this study. Asp. versicolor and Xen. falcatum (PGF1) produced all the three enzymes (tannase, tyrosinase and xylanase). B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. subtilis, B. velezensis produced tyrosinase and xylanase. Xen. falcatum (PGF4) and PGF2 produced tannase and xylanase. PGF3 produced tannase and tyrosinase. While, Bacillus megaterium and Salmonella typhi showed only tyrosinase activity. Candida freyschussii showed tannase activity. Staphylococcus aureus did not produce any of these enzymes.