Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer in females Worldwide and nearly 85% of the cervical cancer cases are diagnosed in developing countries. The health care providers can play an important role in promoting cervical cancer screening and knowledge about HPV vaccination. So this study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination and to analyze the factors influencing the knowledge about HPV vaccination, among nursing staff.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 143 nurses and 75nursing students (total 218) at ESIPGIMSR MGM Hospital, Parel Mumbai. Data was collected using Questionnaire, designed based on the study objectives.Results: 73 (33.49%) of the nurses did received education on cervical cancer and HPV in the past. Most of the nurses, 184 (84.4%) considered that they were at no risk of cervical cancer. 143 (65.60%) nurses knew that Pap smear can be done to screen patients. Out of 141 married nurses, only 39 (27.28%) regularly had a gynaecological examination and 105 (74.47%) had never done Pap smear. In addition, 119 (54.59%) participants did not know at what age Pap smear should commence. Only 73 (33.49%) nurses knew about the route of transmission of HPV and 57 (26.15%) knew about HPV vaccine. 215 (98.62%) nurses did not receive an HPV vaccine.Conclusions: The nurses and nursing students did not have prior adequate education on cervical cancer, HPV, and vaccine and the desired level of knowledge on risk factors and signs of cervical cancer and prevention of the disease.

Background: There are almost 200 million adolescents in India. It is estimated that the adolescent group constitutes about one fifth of India’s population and it is estimated that this age group will grow to over 214 million by 2020. The period of adolescence for a girl is a period of physical and psychological preparation for safe motherhood. Several factors contribute to the adolescents' growth. A vast majority of adolescent girls in India are suffering from menstrual problems, reproductive morbidities and nutritional deficiencies such as dysmenorrhoea, pre-menstrual syndrome, irregular menses, heavy menstrual bleeding, amenorrhoea, white discharge per vagina, UTI, anaemia etc. So, the present study was carried out to assess menstrual problems, reproductive health problems and nutritional status of adolescent girls coming to our hospital.Methods: It is a Retrospective study to find about the menstrual problems, reproductive health problems and nutritional status among the adolescent girls of 10-19 years age group who attended O.P.D. for various health problems. Data was collected retrospectively for two years from December 2015.Results: Mean age of adolescent girls were 14.38 Mean age to attain menarche was 12.93. About 386 (96.34%) adolescent girls were literate. 62.04% and 29.58% of adolescent girls belonged to class IV and Class V respectively. 62.56% of them live in poor housing and environmental status. The source of health information for the majority 123 (32.2%) was from mass media. Frequency and percentages of common menstrual problems like dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, heavy menstrual bleeding, intermenstrual bleeding and primary amenorrhoea were 29.58%, 26.39%, 16.49%, 24.34 and 1.57% respectively. Other Reproductive health problems white discharge per vagina, itching in private parts, pain in lower abdomen, backache, urinary tract infection, lump in abdomen and others (boils, ulcers, warts etc.) 26.7%, 8.11%, 18.06%, 12.3%, 7.32%, 4.97% and 1.57%. Under weight were 21.98%. Anemia was observed in 57.84% of adolescent girls.Conclusions: Present study concluded that most of the adolescent girls suffer from various types of menstrual problems, reproductive morbidities and nutritional problems. The findings of the present study recommend that awareness should be created among the adolescent girls, so that they will be able to take appropriate decision on medical care and treatment.

Background: Pregnancy is associated with major changes in the physiology of the thyroid gland. Undiagnosed thyroid disorders can adversely affect fetal and maternal outcome. This study was done to study the prevalence of thyroid disorder among antenatal women. Methods: This was a prospective study done in the antenatal clinic in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESI PGIMSRMGM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India. Results: In present study, fifty out of three hundred and fifty pregnant women screened had thyroid disorder. The prevalence of thyroid disorder in this study was 14.2%. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 7.7% (n= 27), overt hypothyroidism was 4% (n=14), subclinical hyperthyroidism was 1.7% (n=6) and overt hyperthyroidism was 0.8% (n=3). Conclusions: Thyroid disorders in pregnancy are associated with adverse fetomaternal outcome. Its prevalence is high in Indian women. Thus thyroid screening should be included in the routine antenatal investigations.

A 13-year-old girl was referred to us in view of a large abdominal mass. Ultrasonography of the abdomen had been reported as ovarian tumour. She had presented with a history of abdominal pain and distension since last 15 days. The patient had attained menarche at the age of 12 years but had amenorrhoea for the last three months. An elder brother had died of lung cancer at the age of 15 years.On examination, her weight and height were 38 kg and 140 cm (BMI 19.4). Vital parameters were stable. There was no pallor, icterus, oedema or lymph node enlargement. The abdomen was grossly distended. We palpated a large cystic non-tender mass arising from the pelvis and extending up to the epigastrium.Hemoglobin was 10g/dL, the total and differential white blood cell count was within normal limits. Carcino-embryonic antigen -125 (CA-125) was 55 IU/ml (normal < 35 IU/ml). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of abdomen and pelvis [Table/ Fig-1] revealed a thinwalled cystic lesion of size 30 x 22.7 x 14.1cm. A few thin hypointense septations were seen on T2 weighted images. No solid components were seen. The mass could not be differentiated from the left ovary. The right ovary was normal. Moderate hydronephrosis and upper hydroureter were noted on the right side.We considered a diagnosis of serous cystadenomas in view of the size and marginal elevation of CA-125. We took 2-3 inches suprapubic incision and aspirated 6-7 liters of straw-coloured fluid from the cyst [Table /Fig-2]. Cytology of the fluid showed a few benign epithelial cells and no malignant cells. No normal ovarian tissue could be identified and we removed the cyst. Histo-pathological examination of the cyst wall [Table/ Fig-3] was reported as juvenile solitary follicular cyst with no evidence of malignancy. The patient got her periods on the third day after surgery. The intraoperative and postoperative course was otherwise uneventful and we discharged the patient on the ninth postoperative day. At follow up a month later, the child was doing well. DisCussionOvarian cysts are very common in the adolescent. Of these follicular cysts are the most common and occur due to dysfunctional ovulation with persistence of the remaining follicle. These cysts are obstetrics and Gynaecology section aBstRaCt Cystic abdominal lesions are extremely common in adolescent girls and are now diagnosed more frequently due to the availability of better imaging modalities. Presentations as huge cysts have become rare as most of them are diagnosed and treated early. Adolescent girls presenting with huge benign abdominal cysts is not uncommon, most of them due to serious cystadenomas of the ovary, but large follicular cysts are rare. We present a 13-year-old girl who presented with a large abdominal mass which was subsequently diagnosed as juvenile follicular cyst of the ovary.[table/ Fig-1