Working women worldwide have faced career difficulties. Examples of this include women academic leaders in India where negative cultural beliefs about women moving to the top-management positions (also referred to as glass ceiling) still exist. Although they are highly educated and competent workers, they have unequal opportunities to be organizational leaders or top executives. Academic women with greater knowledge and abilities can actually perform as academic leaders, and they can support educational development of the country. Government and educational institutions should realize the potential of academic women and provide them with equal opportunities for career advancement in organizations. In order to get a better understanding of glass ceiling of India’s women academic leaders, the concepts and theories related to glass ceiling, particularly in the Asian context, are discussed in this article. It provides a theoretical framework of glass ceiling which is based on two theories of justice, namely Rawlsian theory and utilitarian theory. Educational institutions that more effectively apply the theoretical framework of justice to their management practices are hypothesized to have lesser glass ceiling problems than others.

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India, one of the most developing economies in the world owes its success to liberalization policies of 1990s and the amendments made thereafter. The post liberalization period has seen a tremendous growth in India’s corporate sector with lakhs of companies emerging and running successfully. According to Ministry of Corporate Affairs, the total number of registered companies in India stood at 13, 94,819 in March 2014. There are about 1 l, 235 companies listed in RSE while the number of companies listed on BSE is 5,626. The rest are unlisted companies. These numbers prove that Indian companies have increasingly been able to access newer and larger markets around the world. The reason is that India has become one of the fastest emerging nations to have aligned itself with the international trends in Corporate Governance.This article focuses on the need for Independent Directors in the Indian context. The evolution of Institution of Independent Directors and its impact has been discussed as well. Authors have also made an attempt to enlist the strengthened role of Independent Directors under the Companies Act, 2013.

<p>Government of India and Reserve Bank of India has undertaken a lot of measures to mitigate the problem of financial inclusion in India. The emergence of Self Help Groups (SHGs) and SHG-Bank linkage Programme have helped extensively to strengthen the poor especially women. In India due to social and cultural reasons women face greater challenges in access to formal finance.</p><p>This study highlights the representation of Women in Self Help Groups (WSHGs) and SHG-Bank Linkage programmes undertaken by the Government of India (GOI) and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) and tries to establish that these initiatives have improved women’s access to finance in India.</p>