Objectives: Breast cancer is a kind of cancer that develops from breast cells. Breast cancer usually starts off in the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply them with milk. The objectives of the present study are to explore the lived in experience of women with breast cancer and to extrapolate the various dimensions of lived in experience of women with breast cancer.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in different units of Metro Hospital and Cancer Institute, Delhi. Phenomenological approach was adopted for the study.The sample consisted of women with breast cancer who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 15 women with breast cancer were selected using non probability -purposive sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was used to assess the demographic variables of women with breast cancer.An interview schedule with open-ended questions was used to explore the lived in experience of women with breast cancer. The collected data from 15 women with breast cancer were analyzed using Collaizzi's seven -step methodological interpretation approach (analysis framework). Results:The investigator explored the lived in experience of women with breast cancer by conducting audio taped interview. Various dimensions such as physical dimension, psychological well-being, dealing with stigma, behavioral dimension, immaterial belief, human connectedness, and economical dimension were identified by the investigator. Under each dimension, sub-themes were formulated based on their lived-in experiences. Conclusion:Nurses working in the different health-care settings have the opportunity to explore the feelings of women with breast cancer and incorporating this knowledge while providing care to strengthen their coping mechanism, improve self-reliance and enhance quality of life.

Objective: Labor is the process by which the fetus and the placenta leave the uterus. Delivery can occur in two ways, vaginally or by cesarean delivery. The majority of women who underwent vaginal birth may sustain perineal trauma from a spontaneous perineal tear or episiotomy or both. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of hands-off versus hands-on techniques on perineal trauma and perineal pain among parturient mothers in selected hospitals, Kerala. Methods:The research design adopted for this study was true experimental post-test only design. The study was conducted in three hospitals at Kerala such as Karothukuzhiyil hospital, Lakshmi hospital, and Carmal hospital. The sample size was computed by power analysis based on the previous studies, and it would be a total of 90 samples, with 30 parturient mothers in each group. Simple random sampling technique (Lottery method) was adopted for the selection of parturient mothers into the study. Perineal trauma was assessed by the scale given by Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2001, and visual analog scale (combined numerical and categorical pain scale) was used to assess the perineal pain of parturient mothers. Results:The results showed that there was extremely significant difference found in perineal trauma and perineal pain of parturient mothers between study Group I and study II at p=0.000 level. The mean scores of study Group I were lesser than the mean scores of study Group II. The parturient mothers in study Group I (hands-off technique) had less perineal trauma and perineal pain than study Group II (hands-on technique). Conclusion:Different perineal techniques and interventions such as hands-on technique, hands-off technique, perineal massage, and warm compresses can be widely used by midwives and birth attendants to prevent perineal trauma during labor.

Background: Menopause is a stage in life when a woman stops having her monthly period. It is a normal part of aging and marks the end of a woman's reproductive years. The age of menopause varies from 45 to 50 years. In some woman, the age of menopause may be 51 or 52 years.