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Aims: The aims of this study to determine the biodiversity of endemic fish in Lake Towuti, Luwu Timur Regency South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Study Design: The research was conducted by survey Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out in February until March 2021 in Tanjung Timbala; Tanjung Lengkobutanga; Tanjung Bakara; Tanjung Saone and. Tanjung Tominanga at Lake Towuti, Luwu Timur Regency South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Methodology: Fish samples were carried out every week using a trap net for 8 weeks. Fish samples obtained from each station were separated according to species. Fish samples were preserved with 4% formalin and then immersed in 70% alcohol before species identification was conducted. Data analysis in this research used descriptive statistics. Results: The endemic fish species was found is telamtherina bonti Telmatherina bonti, Telmatherina celebensis, Paratherina striata, Tominanga sanguicauda, Tominanga aurea Oryzias profundicola, Oryzias matanensis, Oryzias marmoratus, Mugilogobius hitam, Glossogobius flavipinnis, Glossogobius matanensis and Dermogenys megarhamphus. The percentage of endemic fish caught at each station on Lake Towuti was different. The water quality parameters obtained are as follows Temperature: 26.40⁰C-30.30⁰C, pH: 6.35-9.03, dissolved oxygen (DO):6.25-8.95 mg/L and NO3-N: 0.023-0.066 mg/L.This water quality were suitable for the survival and growth of endemic fish. Conclusion: Endemic fish families were obtained such as Telmatheridae, Adrianichthyidae, Gobiidae and Hemiramphidae and a total of twelve endemic fish species were found in this study. The number of endemic fish was found to be different at the station. Water quality parameters play an important role in the distribution and existence of endemic fish in Lake Towuti.

Research and utilization of oil palm trunk (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) have not been widely carried out. Knowledge the characteristics of oil palm trunk (OPT) as part of understanding this type for reference to further development. The aim of its study was (1) to determine the value of moisture content (MC) in fresh condition after cutting, (2) to quantify the color value (E), (3) to quantify the color change value (ΔE) in transverse and longitudinal cross-section and (4) to measure the percentage of starch content (SC). Results showed that MC for base (B), middle (M), up (U) and their average were 339.68%; 444.82%; 323.24% and 369.25% respectively. E value consisted of 4 parameters, namely FT (fresh-transversal), FL (fresh-longitudinal), OT (ovendry-transversal), and OL (ovendry-longitudinal). ΔE consisted of two parameters, namely ΔET (ΔE-transversal) and ΔEL (ΔE-longitudinal). Average E values for FT, FL, OT and OL were 87.61; 88.70; 78.01 and 79.34 respectively. Average values for ΔET and ΔEL were 10.73 and 9.33, respectively. SC was 0.047% from 1114 kg of oil palm trunk’s total weight.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the manifestations of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with low respiratory compliance and poor oxygenation as main characteristics and mortality rate of 50%–94%. Surfactants, including surfactant protein D (SP-D), have a role in maintaining respiratory compliance. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between serum SP-D levels with respiratory compliance and ARDS in patients with critically ill COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. Subjects were adult reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 patients who had ARDS treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. All data were obtained from medical records. Statistical analysis was done using Spearman test, Mann–Whitney test, and receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Serum level of SP-D was significantly correlated with static respiratory compliance ( P = 0.009; correlation coefficient [rs] = 0.467). Serum SP-D levels correlated with ARDS severity ( P < 0.001). SP-D levels had a very strong diagnostic value for ARDS severity, with an optimal cutoff value of 44.24 ng/mL (sensitivity 92.3%; specificity 94.1%). ARDS severity also correlated significantly with respiratory compliance ( P = 0.005; correlation coefficient 0.496). Conclusion: Higher serum SP-D levels were associated with lower respiratory compliance, ARDS severity, and may be utilized diagnostically to identify patients with severe ARDS.

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis teks eksplanasi melalui penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan bantuan media video. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI SMK Negeri 4 Nabire semester ganjil tahun pembelajaran 2022/2023 yang berjumlah 18 orang. Data langkah-langkah penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan bantuan media video dikumpulkan dengan observasi, data hasil menulis teks eksplanasi oleh siswa dikumpulkan dengan teknik tes, dan data respons siswa terhadap pembelajaran dikumpulkan dengan angket. Data langkah-langkah penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan respons siswa terhadap pembelajaran dianalisis dengan teknik tdeskriptif kualitatif. Data hasil menulis teks eksplanasi oleh siswa dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil peneltian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil observasi langkah-langkah pembelajaran yang ada di RPP dilaksanakan oleh peneliti secara sistematis dan siswa senang dengan penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan berbantuan video. Selanjutnya, keterampilan menulis teks eksplanasi siswa mengalami peningkatan terlihat dari nilai rata-rata pada siklus I sebesar 71,72 naik menjadi 84,8 pada siklus II. Respons siswa terhadap pembelajaran berada pada kategori sangat baik, yakni 89% siswa mengganggap positif pada siklus I dan 85% siswa mengganggap positif pada siklus II. Berdasarkan hasil perbandingan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa dalam menulis teks eksplanasi akan lebih baik jika menerapkan model pembelajaran dipadukan dengan media pembelajaran.