The data provide evidence that TMJD represent a spectrum of disorders with varying pathophysiologies, clinical manifestations, and associated comorbid conditions. The findings underscore the complex nature of TMJD, the need for more extensive interdisciplinary basic and clinical research, and the development of outcome-based strategies to more effectively diagnose, prevent, and treat these chronic, debilitating conditions.

Background Autism presents with similar prevalence and core impairments in diverse populations. We conducted a scoping review of reviews to determine key barriers and innovative strategies which can contribute to attaining universal health coverage (UHC), from early detection to effective interventions for autism in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LAMIC). Methods A systematic literature search of review articles was conducted. Reviews relevant to the study research question were included if they incorporated papers from LAMIC and focused on children (

Background: Assessment of cognitive development is essential to identify children with faltering developmental attainment and monitor the impact of interventions. A key barrier to achieving these goals is the lack of standardized, scalable tools to assess cognitive abilities.Objective: This study aimed to develop a tablet-based gamified assessment of cognitive abilities of 3-year-old children which can be administered by non-specialist field workers.Methods: Workshops among domain experts, literature search for established and gamified paradigms of cognitive assessments and rapid review of mobile games for 3-year-old children was done to conceptualize games for this study. Formative household visits (N = 20) informed the design and content of the games. A cross-sectional pilot study (N = 100) was done to assess feasibility of the tool and check if increasing levels of difficulty and the expected variability between children were evident in game metrics. In-depth interviews (N = 9) were conducted with mothers of participating children to assess its acceptability.Results: Six cognitive domains were identified as being integral to learning – divided attention, response inhibition, reasoning, visual form perception and integration and memory. A narrative, musical soundtrack and positive reinforcement were incorporated into the tool to enhance participant engagement. Child performance determined level timers and difficulty levels in each game. Pilot data indicate that children differ in their performance profile on the tool as measured by the number of game levels played and their accuracy and completion time indicating that it might be possible to differentiate children based on these metrics. Qualitative data suggest high levels of acceptability of the tool amongst participants.Conclusions: A DEvelopmental assessment on an E-Platform (DEEP) has been created comprising distinct games woven into a narrative, which assess six cognitive domains, and shows high levels of acceptability and generates metrics which may be used for validation against gold standard cognitive assessments.

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme is world's largest community based programme. The scheme is targeted at children upto the age of 6 years, pregnant and lactating mothers and women 16-44 years of age. The scheme is aimed to improve the health, nutrition and education (KAP) of the target community. Launched on 2 October 1975, the scheme has completed 25 years of its operational age. The article describes in brief, the organisation, achievements and drawbacks of this national programme. It also suggests various thrust areas for its betterment and further improvement.