Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) turn out to be very useful in the current application areas for networks that require ad hoc connectivity as well as mobility. While the MANET routing protocols were designed it was assumed that there is no chance to have a malicious node in the network that does not co operate with each other to transmit data. Because of this fact, the network layer of MANETs is vulnerable to attacks of several kinds. Here in this paper, different kinds of attacks on MANETs are discussed first and then some protection mechanisms against those attacks are discussed. Comparisons of these mechanisms are also included.

Cloud computing refers to a type of networked computing whereby an application can be run on connected servers instead of local servers. Cloud can be used to store data, share resources and also to provide services. Technically, there is very little difference between public and private cloud architecture. However, the security and privacy of the data is a very big issue when sensitive data is being entrusted to third party cloud service providers. Thus encryption with a fine grained access control is inevitable to enforce security in clouds. Several techniques implementing attribute based encryption for fine grained access control have been proposed. Under such approaches, the key management overhead is a little bit high in terms of computational complexity. Also, secret sharing mechanisms have added complexity. Moreover, they lack mechanisms to handle existence of traitors. Our proposed approach addresses these requirements and reduces the overhead of the key management as well as secret sharing by using efficient algorithms and protocols. Also, a traitor tracing technique is introduced into the cloud computing two layer encryption environment.

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