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The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini Prasad and Patel was first reported by Patel et

Background: Aloevera juice, coconut water, honey and whey may be used to form a medicinal, prophylactic and nutritionally rich product, which might boost its demand in the food and beverage business. Methods: The purpose of the research was to formulating the different types of whey beverages and estimate the sensory quality of whey beverages which prepared from camel and goat milk (70%, 30%). The formation of whey beverages blended in various combinations of whey, alovera juice (5%, 10% and 15%), coconut water (5%, 10% and 15%), honey (5%) and black salt (1%). Result: On the basis of sensory evaluation such as appearance/colour, flavour, taste and overall acceptability the preparation of alovera based whey beverages with a composition of 79% whey and 15% alovera juice (T1A3) had obtained maximum overall acceptability (7.54±0.050), whereas for coconut water-based whey beverage the composition of 79% whey and 15% coconut water (T2C3) had obtained maximum overall acceptability (7.29±0.032). In comparison to control whey beverage, fortified whey aloevera beverage and whey coconut water beverage was found to be more acceptable because it had a good flavour and taste, as well as overall acceptability.

Summary This study aimed at the performance evaluation of a closed flock of Marwari sheep and also to study the effect of accumulated inbreeding on the growth traits using a linear mixed model methodology. The data generated for 39 years (1981 to 2020) on Marwari sheep maintained at ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Arid Region Campus (CSWRI, ARC), Bikaner, Rajasthan, India were used for analysis on growth traits. The overall least-squares means (LSM) of live weights at birth (BWT), weaning (3MWT), 6 months (6MWT), 9 months (9MWT) and 12 months (12MWT) were observed to be 3.02 ± 0.01, 14.30 ± 0.04, 20.12 ± 0.05, 23.68 ± 0.06 and 26.39 ± 0.07 kg, respectively. Overall LSM for average daily gain from birth to 3 months (ADG1), 3 to 6 months (ADG2) and 6 to 12 months (ADG3) were 125.44 ± 0.40, 67.37 ± 0.40 and 35.83 ± 0.29 g/day, respectively. Kleiber ratio (KR) from birth to 3 months (KR1), 3 to 6 months (KR2), and 6 to 12 months (KR3) were 16.78 ± 0.02, 6.58 ± 0.04 and 3.05 ± 0.02, respectively. Results revealed a 4.36, 25.83, 36.33, 31.50 and 28.99% improvement in the live weights since the inception of the improvement programme. This is also reflected by a significant effect of sire on all the growth traits. The estimate of inbreeding in the flock was 1.55%. Highly inbred animals were 5.13% (>5% Fi). The study revealed the non-significant effect of inbreeding level on all growth traits except for BWT and KR3. For BWT, inbreeding classes had variation; however, a negative effect was not seen. The inbreeding class (>5% Fi) was reduced by 0.05 units for KR3 as against its preceding class. Dam’s age at lambing and weight influenced the birth weight and subsequent weights. The study concluded that the selection programme of Marwari sheep is in the right direction; however, regular monitoring of inbreeding is necessary and factors affecting growth must be monitored to attain better growth rates in the nucleus.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus has the ability to develop many efficient mechanisms to neutralize them and it has become difficult to control the virulent strains of S. aureus from causing staphylococcal diseases in animals and humans. Mostly Staphylococcal strains have become resistant to methicillin, β-lactamase and ESBL activity and sometime to vancomycin also. The present study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of all the 62 S. aureus isolates for sensitivity towards methicillin, b-lactamase, ESBL production and vancomycin. Methods: The isolates were obtained by conventional microbiological methods, confirmed genotypically by 23S rRNA ribotyping and Maldi-Tof MS. Methicillin resistance activity among S. aureus isolates was detected by culturing them on MeReSa Agar. Extended-spectrum b-lactamase activity among S. aureus isolates was detected by the combined disc method. Result: On MeReSa agar, 53(85.48%) isolates were detected as methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), but none of the isolates from any source or place of sampling was detected positive by the methicillin disk method. Extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) activity was exhibited by 51 (82.25%) isolates with 100% (maximum) isolates from human pus showing activity and 66.66% (least activity) was seen in isolates from unprocessed meat. All the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin.