ResumenLa introducción de la vacunación sistemática contra la tos ferina determinó un descenso drástico en la incidencia de esta patología, aunque todavía representa un problema de salud pública, incluso en los países con alta cobertura de vacunación. Sin embargo, además de la disminución de los casos por la profilaxis activa, se ha observado la emergencia de efectos adversos neurológicos graves, como los denominados "episodios de hipotonía-hiporreactividad" (HHE), caracterizados por una pérdida súbita del tono muscular asociada a escasa respuesta a los estímulos y palidez cutánea o cianosis. Los HHE son un fenómeno infrecuente después de la administración de la vacuna con un componente antitosferínico, pero es fundamental que el personal sanitario sepa reconocerlos, sobre todo en las siguientes 48 horas de la vacunación. Aunque en ocasiones es difícil establecer una relación causal entre la administración de la vacuna y un efecto adverso, debe comunicarse cualquier evento sospechoso. Palabras clave: tos ferina, vacuna, episodio de hipotonía-hiporreactividad. AbstRActThe introduction of routine vaccination against whooping cough caused a drastic decline in the incidence of this disease, but remains today a public health problem even in countries with high vaccination coverage. However, with this decrease in cases, there were an emergence of neurological severe adverse events such as the "hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes" (HHE), characterized by sudden loss of muscle tone associated with poor response to stimuli and skin pallor or cyanosis. The HHE is a rare phenomenon after administration of pertussis vaccine, but it is essential for health workers recognition of such reactions, especially in the 48 hours following vaccination. Although sometimes can become difficult to attribute a causal relationship between vaccine administration and an adverse effect, any suspicious events should be reported. IntRODuccIÓnLos dos últimos siglos han demostrado ampliamente que las vacunas son eficaces y que las estrategias para su uso han supuesto un beneficio para la salud de los niños y la potencial erradicación de enfermedades con reservorio humano exclusivo, como ya ocurrió con la viruela. Pero aunque la eficacia de las vacunas sigue siendo un pilar fundamental, la seguridad ha adquirido un papel cada vez más destacado. Por ello, el conocimiento y la identificación de los efectos adversos supuestamente atribuibles a las vacunas cobran cada día mayor interés.Con el inicio del uso de la vacuna celular contra la tos ferina (DTPw), en la década de 1940, se obtuvo un descenso importante en la incidencia de esta patología pero, a su vez, surgieron numerosos efectos secundarios neurológicos, como los denominados "episodios de hipotonía-hiporreactividad" (HHE), caracterizados por la pérdida súbita del tono muscular asociada a una escasa respuesta a los estímulos y palidez cutánea o cianosis.Si bien la introducción de las vacunas acelulares (DTPa, dTpa) ha reducido la incidencia de dichos episodios, 1 todavía se muestra como un efe...
Background dRTA is a tubulopathy characterized by metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap secondary to a defective secretion of H+ ions by the collecting tubule. This anomaly leads to an inability to acidify the urine during systemic acidemia. There are more than 50 different mutations, with an autosomal recessive or dominant pattern of transmission. Clinical features usually appear from two years of age as vomiting, dehydration and failure to thrive, although the first signs may be present from the first weeks of life. In recessive forms can be associated with sensorineural deafness. The prognosis is favorable if alkali replacement is performed properly. However, urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis and chronic renal failure may appear if the diagnosis is delayed or the treatment is inadequate. Case Report We report a 4-year-old Morrocan girl with a history from the first months of life characterized by failure-to-thrive, hyporexia, polydipsia and polyuria, and delayed motor function. In recent months she was unable to ambulate due to progressive muscle weakness, especially of the lower limbs. Physical findings included a severe weight and height delay, signs of severe malnutrition and rickets, and tachypnea. Laboratory findings were consistent with distal renal tubular acidosis (metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap, severe hypokaliemia, hypophosphatemia, mild hypocalcemia, and hypouricemia, with urinary pH > 6 and positive urinary gap). Also, bilateral renal nephrocalcinosis was found. Alkali replacement was able to correct the electrolytic abnormalities and promote catch-up. Comments dRTA must be suspected in the presence of the clinical and laboratory findinds reported.
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