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13This paper presents both experimental and multi-physics studies on the carbonation and heavy 14 metal retention properties of cement-solidified fly ashes. Cement-solidified fly ash samples 15 with 40% and 60% fly ash ratios were tested for carbonation depth after being supercritically 16 carbonated. Tests were also carried out for compressive strength and retention capacity of heavy 17 metals of the samples before and after supercritical carbonation. Using CO2 absorption instead 18 of calcium carbonate to measure carbonation degree, a multi-physics model was developed and 19 combined with a leaching model to study the impact of carbonation on Cu and Pb leaching from 20 the cement-solidified fly ash. The results show that supercritical carbonation has both positive 21 and negative impacts on the strength and retention capability of heavy metals of the cement-22 solidified fly ashes, which suggests that both the carbonation conditions and the amount of fly 23 ash recycled in cementitious materials should be properly controlled to maximize potential 24 positive effect. 25 26 27

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