Injuries account for 22% of deaths in Kigali with road traffic crashes being the most common cause.Injury deaths occurred largely in the prehospital setting and within the first 24 h of hospital arrival suggesting the need for investment in emergency infrastructure. Accurate documentation of the cause of death would help policy makers make data-driven resource allocation decisions.

Introduction Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases, are an increasing global health burden. Over 70% of deaths globally are attributed to NCDs, the majority of which occur in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) [1, 2]. In 2016, NCDs accounted for about 46% premature mortality among the population aged less than 70 years [3]. Within the next decade, Africa is projected to experience the largest relative increase in the population living with NCDs, with NCDs taking over as the leading cause of death [4] Without adequate intervention, the increasing NCD burden will cause additional constraints to health systems that are notably already overstretched and fragile [5]. This fragility is even more pronounced in rural areas where poor case detection, access to care, and documentation of NCDs has led to frequent underestimation and under-prioritization of the endemic burden of NCDs. Despite the increasing NCD burden, most people in LMICs have poor availability and access to the NCD medicines that are crucial for prevention and treatment [6, 7]. In addition, existing evidence indicates that access and availability are disproportionate among the rural population compared to the urban population [8] and public facilities compared to private facilities [9]. Thus, the majority of patients residing in rural Africa and relying on public facilities for health care remain untreated or receive delayed NCD treatment.

Background: Hundreds of international projects are implemented all over the world. Sustainability of such projects is always questioned. The objective of this study was to analyze landmarks of successful collaboration in global surgical issues between Ukrainian and Canadian institutions from 2006 to 2013. Methods: We completed a descriptive analyses of 3 international projects. Results: In collaboration with Ukrainian obstetrics and gynaecology associations and the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada, an initiative seeking to improve emergency obstetrical care using the Advances in Labour and Risk Management International Program (AIP) was conducted in Ukraine. From 2006 to 2009, 912 providers participated in 18 AIP trainings. Since project termination, 10 AIP training with 435 participants were conducted by a national team. Training is now institutionalized into the Donetsk National Medical University (DNMU) curricula. Since 2010 in collaboration between the University of Toronto, and the DNMU, the Donetsk Telesimulation Satellite Center was established. A telesimulation program has been applied to introduce the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery course, with the objective to standardize the technical skills of Ukrainian professionals. In total, 137 participants from 11 sites have completed the course. Since 2011, a collaboration between the McGill University and the DNMU to improve disaster management and trauma care has been established. A risk assessment tool geared speci fically toward the European Football Championship Euro 2012 was developed. Trauma training has been conducted and the creation of a database of injury epidemiology. Conclusion: Sustainable partnerships is important to ensure long-term interest in an initiative either funded or not. Capacity building based on bottom-up approaches with the initiative coming from national professionals to ensure national ownership and leadership with long-term commitment is essential. 2. COSECSA, achievements and challenges in improving global surgery. P.G. Jani.

No abstract