Recent history shows that the scope of government varies substantially across countries and through time. Privatization phases alternate with nationalization episodes. The post WWII nationalization policies in Europe gave way to a privatization wave in the 1980s and are now followed by a return to nationalization in the context of the current financial crisis. Copyright � 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
We explain the firm downsizing trend of the recent decades by the new abundance of information -the ICT revolution. Production processes differ in their information requirements: while decentralized production by means of market exchanges is information intensive, less information per unit of output is needed in the hierarchically integrated production of firms, and the information/output ratio is decreasing firm size.We formulate a quantity of information theory of the firm embodying these differences and derive a Coase-Rybczinski effect for the aggregate economy, which predicts a decreasing employment share of large firms and an increasing share of small ones when the aggregate quantity of information increases Panel data regressions and other evidence provide support for this hypothesis.
CONDITIONS ÉCONOMIQUES ET ÉLECTIONS : UNE ANALYSE POLITICO-ÉCONOMÉTRIQUE (1920-1973), par JEAN-JACQUES ROSA et DANIEL AMSON
La discussion de la conjoncture économique tient une large place dans les débats politiques. Il semble admis en effet, implicitement au moins, que l'état de l'économie influe sur les résultats des élections législatives, par l'intermédiaire du jugement que portent les électeurs sur la gestion des partis au pouvoir. La présente étude propose une vérification empirique de l'hypothèse d'une relation entre conditions économiques et répartition des votes en France, dans la période allant de 1920 à 1973. Ces premières analyses paraissent confirmer l'idée d'une influence positive du taux d'inflation et de chômage, et négative du niveau de vie, sur le pourcentage des voix allant à l'ensemble de la gauche. Les conclusions perdent toutefois de leur fiabilité lorsqu'on étudie les pourcentages obtenus séparément par le parti communiste et la gauche non communiste.
[Revue française de science politique XXVI (6), décembre 1976, pp. 1101-1124.]
This article shows how the increase of information availability due to new technologies positively affects aggregate entrepreneurship in national economies. We rely on an “occupational choice” model of managerial production, extended to include the managerial use of information, to explain variations in the number of entrepreneurs, and thus of firms, as measured by the aggregate new business creation data. We present evidence that supports such a theory of industrial organization dynamics for a sample of 78 economies over the period 2004–2012 using panel data instrumental variable regressions.
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