A measurement technique for an indoor/outdoor radio signal mapping based on remote sensing through a mobile robot is provided. The robot is autonomous and able to provide its actual location in relation to its initial position. The data are sent in real time to the base station using wireless transmission and the electromagnetic mapping is obtained in real time as well. A real case scenario is considered by measuring the electromagnetic field from our department network. The automated system gives consistent results since it shows highest energy levels next to the sources. This papers shows that a robot can remotely make a precise radio signal mapping of an unknown environment.

Wake-up radio (WuR) system is often presented as the best candidate for replacing traditional duty cycled Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The Double Radio (DoRa) protocol is a new MAC protocol for in-band WuR system with addressing capabilities. While the DoRa protocol improves the WSNs energy efficiency, it still suffers from an overhearing problem when the WuR system is very often requested. The WuR wastes a noticeable amount of energy when overhearing to wake-up demand intended to other nodes, but it is neither measured nor solved in other works. In this paper, an adaptive duty-cycled DoRa (DC-DoRa) is then proposed to solve the overhearing problem. The primary concept of the work is to enable the WuR functionality before the node is addressed and to disable the WuR after the node sent data. Extensive simulations under OMNeT++ using real input parameters are then performed to show the significant energy-savings through the two protocols and the nearly suppression of overhearing with DC-DoRa. In fact, the mean power consumption is three-order below using the DoRa protocol compared to traditional MAC protocols. While overhearing can represent up to 93% of the WuR energy consumption with the DoRa protocol, it is reduced to only 1% with the DC-DoRa protocol.

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Wake-up Radio receivers (WuRx) must be energyefficient for their integration into Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The most energy-hungry component is the address decoding hardware and it is generally powered by the node battery. In this paper, an addressing mechanism is proposed and the decoding process is explained in detail, on the contrary of previous works. This paper also shows the energy reduction of the address decoding stage while performed by a microcontroller, in comparison with one of the best correlator approach. The energy consumption and latency are also well investigated with real measurements, which is often omitted in previous works. Our approach is also flexible since a trade-off between energy consumption and wake-up latency is proposed. While decoding the address, the most energy-efficient mode consumes only 23.8 μA with a wake-up latency of 8.88 ms.