This article focuses on the impact of intentionality on goal directed locomotion in healthy and autistic children. Closely linked with emotions and motivation, it is directly connected with movement planning. Is planning only preserved when the goal of the action appears motivating for healthy and autistic children? Is movement programming similar for autistic and healthy children, and does it vary according to the emotional valence of the object? Moving in a straight line, twenty autistic and healthy children had to retrieve a positive or aversive emotional valence object. The results suggest planning and programming are preserved in an emotionally positive situation. However, in an aversive situation, autistic children appear to have a deficit in terms of planning and sometimes programming.

Walking as a means to interact with the environment has a twofold goal: body displacement (intermediate goal) and the future action on the environment (final representational goal). This involves different processes that plan, program, and control goal-directed locomotion linked to motivation as an "emotional state," which leads to achieving this twofold goal. The aim of the present study was to determine whether emotional valence associated with the final representational goal influences these processes or whether they depend more on the emotional valence associated with the intermediate goal in young adults. Twenty subjects, aged 18-35 years, were instructed to erase an emotional picture that appeared on a wall as soon as they saw it. They had to press a stop button located 5 m in front of them with their right hand. Their gait was analyzed using a force platform and the Vicon system. The main results suggest that the emotional valence of the intermediate goal has the greatest effect on the processes that organize and modulate goal-directed locomotion. A positive valence facilitates cognitive processes involved in the temporal organization of locomotion. A negative valence disturbs the cognitive processes involved in the spatial organization of the locomotion and online motor control, leading to a deviating trajectory and a final body position that is more distant from the stop button. These results are discussed in line with the motivational direction hypothesis and with the affective meaning of the intended response goal.

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Comment expliquer la persistance dans l’univers du rugby d’une sous-culture encourageant la consommation excessive d’alcool, alors que celle-ci est socialement stigmatisée et contraire à l’hygiène de vie du sportif ? A partir d’observations réalisées dans le rugby amateur et professionnel et d’entretiens menés auprès de dirigeants, d’entraîneurs et de joueurs, nous appréhendons cette consommation d’alcool comme une déviance d’hyper - conformité, résultat d’un processus d’apprentissage conduisant à l’acceptation non critique des normes de convivialité et de masculinité de la sous-culture rugbystique, notamment lors de la troisième mi-temps. Outre qu’il confirme le caractère infondé de l’association entre pratique sportive et hygiène de vie saine, cet article souligne l’influence de la contextualisation culturelle et sociale de la déviance sur l’appréciation dont elle fait l’objet.

La projection de Little Miss Sunshine à laquelle je viens d'assister m'a rappelé celle d'un autre film réalisé par Peter Markle en 1994, Wagons East, un néo western totalement méconnu en Europe. Au-delà de leur drôlerie propre et en dépit d'approches apparemment contradictoires, ces deux films ont un air de famille : en adoptant l'un comme l'autre le thème du voyage dans l'Ouest des Etats-Unis, ils en disent long sur l'Amérique. 2 Certes, en tant que western parodique Wagons East est nettement plus subversif que le film de Jonathan Dayton et Valerie Faris, qui relève du road movie comique. Cependant, les deux oeuvres témoignent d'un humour singulièrement corrosif. Pour fortuites que soient, sans nul doute, leurs similitudes, elles n'en ont pas moins déclenché chez moi une crise de flashbacks que l'oncle Frank de Little Miss Sunshine-l'extraordinaire Steve Carell dans le rôle de l'homosexuel docteur ès Proust-aurait sûrement mis au rang des fameuses « madeleines » de son auteur fétiche.