Le manguier sauvage, Irvingia gabonensis, est une des essences les plus exploitées pour des produits forestiers non ligneux aux alentours du Parc national de Lobeke au Cameroun. Une enquête auprès des cueilleurs montre que les fruits sont ramassés en forêt à même le sol, ce qui entraîne des risques élevés d'attaque par des gorilles (100 %) et nécessite de longs séjours en campement (87 %). Tous les cueilleurs conservent cette essence, la plupart (82 %) en protégeant les semis spontanés, mais ne s'intéressent pas à la plantation. Cependant, près de 68% des cueilleurs indiquent qu'ils l'envisageraient. L'amande de Irvingia gabonensis est considérée par les cueilleurs comme la deuxième ressource alimentaire (98 %) et la première source de revenus (93 %) parmi les quatre principaux produits forestiers non ligneux de la région. Un inventaire a été réalisé pour évaluer l'abondance de l'essence dans trois systèmes forestiers : la zone protégée, une forêt de production villageoise (forêt naturelle comprise dans le domaine forestier non-permanent et gérée par une communauté villageoise avec l'appui du service forestier) et une zone agroforestière (jachères et associations de cultures/cacao), dans 6 x 3 parcelles de 1 ha. La production fruitière a été estimée en comptant les fruits pendant les collectes. La croissance et la survie des plantules n'ont été estimées que dans la zone proté-gée en raison de la rareté des jeunes plants dans la forêt de production et la zone agroforestière. La densité moyenne des I. gabonensis s'établit à 3,3 arbres/ha, sans écart significatif entre les trois systèmes forestiers. Le diamètre moyen à hauteur de poitrine ne varie pas significativement entre les trois systèmes, ni la production fruitière moyenne. Le taux de survie des semis baisse à 70 % dans la zone protégée au bout de 18 mois. La présence majoritaire d'arbres de diamètre moyen à élevé indique que la ressource se maintiendra pendant quelque temps, mais la quasi absence de jeunes individus permettant de régénérer ces peuplements vieillissants compromet la ressource à plus long terme. L'intensité de la cueillette conduit à recommander l'intégration de cette essence dans les exploitations agricoles villageoises. Mots-clés :Irvingia gabonensis, ressource vivrière, productivité, Parc national de Lobeke, Cameroun. ABSTRACT THE PLACE OF IRVINGIA GABONENSIS IN VILLAGE COMMUNITIES AROUND THE LOBEKE NATIONAL PARK IN CAMEROONThe bush mango, Irvingia gabonensis, is one of the most heavily used non-timber tree species around the Lobeke National Park in Cameroon. A survey among fruit gatherers showed that the fruits are collected from the forest floor, which involves very high risks of gorilla attack (100%) and long camping periods (87%). All the gatherers preserve this species, mostly (82%) by protecting wild seedlings, but they are generally reluctant to plant it. However, up to 68% of gatherers indicated that they would be willing to plant the species. The I. gabonensis kernel was ranked by gatherers (98%) as the second main source of food a...
Background and Research Aims: Agriculture through deforestation is an important threat to biodiversity conservation in the Congo Basin’s tropical forest. The policy challenge is not only to promote adaptation to perceived climate change but also to promote forest conservation. The aim of this study is to provide empirical evidence on the impact of farm-level investments in climate-smart agricultural practices related to conservation agriculture in some Congo Basin countries. The hypothesis is that property rights to land and trees play a fundamental role in governing the patterns of investment, forestland management for conservation, as well as in the profitability of agriculture. Methods: A Simulated Maximum Likelihood Estimation using a Mixed Logit model is used to test farmers’ choice of agricultural system and a farmland value model for each agricultural system which includes determinants of tenure or property rights, climate, soils, and socioeconomic variables such as education and gender. The data was collected from more than 600 farms covering 12 regions and 45 divisions in 3 countries, Cameroon, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Results: Farmers choose one of three agricultural systems to maximize farm profit mindful of the current tenure regime and environmental conditions. Conservation agriculture techniques within climate-smart practices show benefits for smallholder farmers through improvements in soil health, soil moisture retention and enhanced crop yields. The rights to access, withdraw, manage, as well as exclude others from land and trees affect both the farmers' choice of system and the profit earned from the chosen system. Conclusion: Farm-level investments improve farm incomes and enhance conservation effort for farmers perceiving climate change. Implications for Conservation: Climate change adaptation through planting of trees improves soil stability, restores ecosystems and creates a safe haven for biodiversity. Secure land tenure promotes better forestland management and reduces land degradation in vulnerable communities.
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