Teknologi   internet   telah   menjadi   bagian   penting dan membawa perubahan besar dalam kehidupan manusia. Pengguna   internet   terus   bertambah signifikan   setiap   tahun nya   khususnya   di Indonesia kurang lebih mencapai   73.7 %   dari total populasi, angka ini merupakan hasil survey yang dilakukan oleh APJII (Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia) perioda 2019-2020 (Q2).  Namun penggunaan internet   juga memberikan dampak negatif bagi individu   maupun lingkungannya. Salah satu isu penting yang menjadi fokus dalam dua dekade terakhir adalah internet addiction disorder dan gadget addiction disorder.  Kecanduan internet muncul karena penggunaan internet   berlebihan hingga menyebabkan munculnya dampak negatif atau kecenderungan menimbulkan gejala penyalahgunaan. Pada studi ini kami melakukan survey terhadap 2014 orang responden dengan parameter yang bervariasi seperti sebaran usia dari anak-anak hingga manula, jenis pekerjaan, latar belakang pendidikan, sudah berapa lamakah memakai gadget, hingga durasi pengaksesan social media perhari. Semua parameter tersebut akan dianalisa dengan menggunakan chi square untuk menghitung korelasinya terhadap adiksi internet maupun gadget berdasarkan instrument IAT (Internet Addiction Test). Dari hasil pengujian, alat ukur IAT dinilai valid dan handal. Dari hasil pengukuran terhadap 2014 responden di Indonesia untuk kondisi adiksi internet/media sosial terjadi pada kategori anak-anak 0.16% (1 responden), remaja 73% (467 responden), dewasa 23% (147 responden), dan lansia 3.94% (23 responden). Sedangkan adiksi gadget terjadi pada kategori remaja sebanyak 75% teradiksi (382 responden), kategori dewasa sebanyak 23% teradiksi (117 responden), kategori lansia sebanyak 2% teradiksi (11 responden).

Partial discharges (PD) are the most common and harmful threat to the health of electrical insulation of high voltage (HV) and high field (HF) equipment. The occurrence of PD activity in HV and MV equipment is at the same time a cause and a sign of insulation degradation that may eventually result in the breakdown of the HV power equipment. For the safe and reliable operation of HV power equipment, continuous PD monitoring needs to be conducted conveniently to prevent any unplanned power outages and damage to electrical power equipment. The ultra-high frequency (UHF) PD measurement method has been widely used as an effective technique to detect PD activity on HV power equipment due to its noninvasive principle. To enable PD detection accuracy, there is still a need for more sensitive PD sensors that can assist the UHF PD monitoring system by suppressing ambient background noise and low-frequency electromagnetic interferences from telecommunication such as GSM signals. To tackle the sensitivity issues, this article presents a new design of ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna that is capable of effective suppression of low-frequency interference signals. The proposed antenna, designed, simulated, and optimized using the CST Microwave Studio software, has a bandwidth of 3.3GHz, below -10dB, in the operating frequency range of 1.2GHz-4.5GHz. The prototype of this antenna, printed on an FR4 substrate of a thickness of 1.6mm and a dielectric constant of 4.4, featuring a compact size of 100mm × 100mm × 1.6mm, was implemented to detect PD through laboratory experiments. This paper shows that the designed UWB antenna has high sensitivity, good noise rejection and it is, therefore, a promising candidate sensor for PD detection on HV equipment.INDEX TERMS Partial discharge, UHF sensors, high-voltage equipment, UWB antenna.

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This article presents a design of ultra-high frequency (UHF), ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna used for partial discharge (PD) detection on high voltage and medium voltage power system equipment. The proposed UHF antenna has a working frequency band of 1.2GHz-4.5GHz, covering a total bandwidth of 3.3GHz with a return loss less than -10dB in the entire antenna's operating frequency. The computer simulation technology (CST) Microwave Studio software was used to design, simulate and optimize the proposed antenna. Upon simulation and optimization process, the antenna prototype was fabricated on the FR-4 substrate of 1.6 mm thickness and dielectric permittivity of 4.4. This antenna has a compact size of 100mm x100mm.The radiating patch and the ground plane of this antenna are made of annealed copper whose thickness is 0.035mm. The simulations and measurement results for the proposed antenna are in a good agreement, and the return loss of this antenna is less than -10dB with voltage standing wave ratio, VSWR, < 2 within the frequency range of interest. The proposed antenna performance in PD sensing is compared with a commercial high-frequency current transformer, HFCT. To validate the sensitivity performance of the designed antenna, experimental PD measurements were carried out by using an epoxy slab inserted between two parallel plates electrode model, in order to generate surface discharge on the insulator, and using a needleplate electrode configuration to generate corona discharge in transformer oil. Based on PD measurement results, it was shown that the designed antenna has a high sensitivity, which make it a suitable candidate for UHF partial discharge monitoring on high voltage and medium voltage power assets.INDEX TERMS Surface discharge, corona discharge, UHF antenna, HFCT, UHF PD monitoring.

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