This article examines the period leading up to the establishment of the Schefferville iron mine in subarctic Québec, Canada, with a focus on the years 1937–54. The beginning of iron ore mining at Schefferville was a decisive moment in the growth of the modern Québec state, opening the way for the industrial exploitation of the province’s natural resources – mineral and otherwise – in the hinterland. Relying on oral and written sources, the research emphasizes the roles and actions of Innu individuals during this phase of development conducted by exploration companies and the Iron Ore Company of Canada at the heart of their ancestral homeland. If the early mining experience at Schefferville evolved largely to the detriment of the Indigenous communities inhabiting the region, a decentring approach to ethnohistory in the context of industrial colonialism reveals that the Innu also worked to determine their own engagement with the mining world, adjusting and maintaining their practices on the land while participating in the wage labour economy.
Cet article s’intéresse à une période phare du développement industriel minier au Moyen-Nord québécois, soit l’épopée de l’exploitation du fer à Schefferville entre 1954 et 1983. S’appuyant sur une variété de sources orales et écrites, l’auteur tente de comprendre le rôle souvent oublié que les Innus et les Naskapis jouèrent pendant cette phase de développement menée au coeur de leurs territoires ancestraux. Si l’expérience minière à Schefferville entre 1954 et 1983 se construisit en partie au détriment des individus innus et naskapis, ceux-ci bâtirent à leur façon leur engagement au monde industriel, ajustant et maintenant leurs propres pratiques de manière à agencer le travail à la mine et la vie sur le territoire.
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