The study presented here was made in collaboration with a medical device manufacturer. Normally, the device manufacturer uses verbal self-reporting protocols, interviews and observations in their formative usability tests during product development. The objective of our study was to investigate whether the use of eye-tracking technology can contribute to the data collection and bring new data and knowledge into the product development. The use of eye-tracking provided five unique insights and findings. Although the evaluated significance of them varied, a couple of findings stands out as important, indicating that the use of eye-trackers can indeed contribute positively to the results obtained from a usability test based on traditional ethnographic methods. It should be noted that use of eye-tracking requires additional time, resources and technical skills including optimal light conditions. However, with the promising perspectives in mind, eye-tracking is recommendable as an additional tool for usability studies.

The aim of this study was to assess proof of concept and usability of a maritime service website prototype in a full-mission ship bridge simulator through Swedish mariners' experiences and perceptions. This test was part of the European Commission's EfficienSea2 project for e-navigation. The prototype was intended as an aid to existing standard systems and methodologies for planning, executing and monitoring voyages. The study began with 5 days of simulator trials focused on today's standard practices. This served as a baseline to compare to subsequent 4 days of simulator trials testing the prototype. For data collection, observations, video footage, interviews, and eye tracking were used. Data analysis included breaking apart the qualitative data to capture the perceptions of the participants, and a preliminary analysis of eye-tracking data as a complement. The results suggested that the prototype could be more suitable for a route planning stage, that the participants were familiar with similar existing solutions from other manufacturers, and that the contents of the tool would be most beneficial if integrated within the Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS). There is a pressing need for the novel solutions to be user needs-driven, integrated with the existing technologies, and standardized across the domain, and these processes must go hand-in-hand with accounting for all involved stakeholders, procedures, regulations, and training, as this will alter the course of shipping.

BackgroundHemorrhagic pneumonia is a disease of farmed mink (Neovison vison) caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The disease is highly seasonal in Danish mink with outbreaks occurring almost exclusively in the autumn. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been shown to augment infection with P. aeruginosa in mice and to promote adhesion of P. aeruginosa to human respiratory cells.FindingsWe tested 50 lung specimens from mink with hemorrhagic pneumonia for bovine RSV by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for human RSV by a commercial real-time PCR. RSV was not found.ConclusionsThis study indicates that human and bovine RSV is not a major co-factor for development of hemorrhagic pneumonia in Danish mink.

Human factors risk analysis and usability tests in telemedicine contexts primarily seek to investigate how to reduce the likelihood of slips, lapses and mistakes. However, to ensure trustworthiness in e-health data, one must also be aware of more intentional patient actions which could potentially compromise patient safety and/or the integrity of the system. The pilot study in this paper set out to explore mental models and deliberate manipulation of data in a Danish telemedicine setting of home monitoring among pregnant women. Results show, that patients construct mental models of the telemedicine system-and that the patient can utilize such mental models in attempts to manipulate their data input to get a desired output from the telemedicine system.