According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 50 million people worldwide have dementia, and there are nearly 10 million new cases every year (World Health Organization, 2017a). ICD-10 defines dementia as "a syndrome due to disease of the brain, usually of a chronic or progressive nature, in which there is a disturbance of multiple higher cortical function, including memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language and judgement" (World Health Organization, 2016). Dementia is associated with complex needs and, especially in the later stages, high levels of dependency and morbidity (National Institute for Health & Care Excellence NICE], 2016). In the advanced state of the disease, the major challenges for the affected person, as well as for their family and caregivers, are the behavioural and psychological symptoms.There are four predominant symptom groups: affective symptoms, psychosis, hyperactivity and euphoria (van der Linde et al., 2014).Approximately two-thirds of people with dementia live at home and are supported by their spouse and families (Saxl, 2014). These family caregivers show high levels of physical, time-dependence and developmental burdens (Wang et al., 2014). People with dementia have increased difficulties in doing housekeeping tasks independently. However, they need activities in daily life for structuring their day and cognitive training. For several reasons, people with advanced dementia are limited in doing their leisure activities. One aspect is security: the affected persons are unable to carry out an

According to Béjot et al. (2016), stroke is a devastating disease and approximately 1.1 million Europeans suffered a stroke each year. More than 80% of stroke survivors report one or more abnormal urinary symptoms at 3 or 12 months, with nocturia being the most frequent (Williams et al., 2012). Further, more than 50% of stroke survivors suffer from urinary incontinence in the acute stage; this value is reduced to 33% after 1 year (Kolominsky-Rabas et al., 2003). Urinary incontinence is defined as the complaint of any involuntary leakage of urine (Abrams et al., 2002). Urinary frequency, urgency and urge incontinence are the predominant symptoms in stroke survivors (Marinkovic & Badlani, 2001). Incontinence negatively affects the course of the disease; incontinent patients showed a worse functional outcome compared to continent patients (Pizzi et al., 2014).Urinary incontinence is a prognostic factor in the subacute phase after stroke for daily living activities (Meijer et al., 2003). Stroke survivors who are incontinent in the acute stage have a fourfold higher risk of institutionalization after a year, and urinary incontinence as initial presentation in acute stroke is associated with a high mortality rate (Kolominsky-Rabas et al., 2003;Marinkovic & Badlani, 2001).Urinary incontinence further negatively impacts the quality of life in persons with underlying neurologic conditions (Tapia et al., 2013).