The BRS is a reliable means of assessing resilience as the ability to bounce back or recover from stress and may provide unique and important information about people coping with health-related stressors.

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While MBSR and CBSR may both be effective in reducing perceived stress and depression, MBSR may be more effective in increasing mindfulness and energy and reducing pain. Future studies should continue to examine the differential effects of cognitive behavioral and mindfulness-based interventions and attempt to explain the reasons for the differences.

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This chapter examines the relationships between spirituality, resilience, and positive emotions. We begin by defining all three constructs, important related constructs, and theoretical models that may help us frame our understanding of the relationship between spirituality, resilience, and positive emotions. Next, we review the research and thinking about the relationship between (1) spirituality and positive emotion, (2) spirituality and resilience, and (3) positive emotions and resilience. These reviews suggest that healthy spirituality may be related to increases in both resilience and positive emotions and that resilience and positive emotions may have a reciprocal influence on each other. Finally, we present a preliminary model of the relationship between spirituality, resilience, and positive emotions and make suggestions for research that may increase our understanding of the relationship between them.