Motility in much of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is coordinated by an electrical event known as slow waves, and several GI motility disorders are associated with slow wave arrhythmias. The GI smooth muscle cells (SMC) generate contraction, but slow waves are actively regenerated by specialized pacemaker cells called the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), which are coupled to the SMC. This unique electrical coupling presents an added layer of complexity to GI electromechanical models, and a major current barrier to further progress is the lack of a framework for ICC-SMC-contraction coupling. In this study, an initial framework for the electromechanical coupling was developed in a 2D model. At each solution step, the slow wave propagation was solved first and the intracellular calcium concentration in the SMC model was related to an adapted tension-extension-calcium relationship to simulate active contraction. With identification of more GI-specific constitutive laws, the ICC-SMC-contraction approach will underpin future GI electromechanical models of health and disease states.
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