Soil fertility assessment is a key for sustainable planning of a particular area. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the soil fertility status of the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal. The study area is situated at the latitude 27°4’40.9’’N and longitude 84°56’9.85”E at 75masl altitude. Altogether 76 soil samples were collected based on the variability of land at 0-20 cm depth. The texture, pH, OM, total N, available P2O5, K2O, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn content in the samples were determined following standard analytical methods. Arc-GIS 10.1 was used for soil fertility mapping. The soil structure was angular blocky, and varied between grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) in color. The sand, silt and clay content were 24.41±0.59%, 54.57±0.44% and 21.03±0.32%, respectively and categorized as silt loam and loam in texture. The soil was moderately acidic in pH (5.67±0.09), low in organic matter (0.74±0.04%) and available Sulphur (0.8± 0.1 ppm). The total nitrogen (0.06±0.001%), available boron (0.59±0.08ppm) and available zinc (0.51±0.05ppm) were low. Furthermore, available potassium (50.26±2.95ppm), available calcium (1674.6±46.3ppm) and available magnesium (175.43± 8.93ppm) were medium. Moreover, available copper (1.36±0.06 ppm) and available manganese (16.52±1.12 ppm) were high, while, available phosphorus (77.55±6.65 ppm) and available iron (85.88±7.05 ppm) were found high. It is expected that the present study would help to guide practices required for sustainable soil fertility management and developing future agricultural research strategy in the farm.

A total 37 garlic landraces collection from Nepal Genebank were characterized using phenotypic trait maps or agro morphological markers at National Agriculture Genetic Resources Centre (Genebank), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal during 2017 using quantitative and qualitative traits. Shannon and Weaver diversity index (H’) analysis revealed significant intra landrace diversity for both quantitative and qualitative traits. Nine principal components contributed 100 % to the cumulative variance and the first three principle components with Eigen value >1 accounted for 69.9 % of the entire variability.The cluster analysis grouped the 37 accessions into five distinct group. The Accession CO4816 from cluster 5 were superior in terms of yield attributing characters such as number of cloves/bulb, weight of cloves and yield but found to be shorter is plant height.  Pearson correlation analysis among eight quantitative traits showed highly significant positive correlation between leaf length and leaf width, leaf length and shaft length, leaf length and yield, weight of cloves and yield. The high yield is associated with leaf length, leaf width, weight of cloves and number of cloves. The frequency distribution for disease (Cercospora leafspot and Alternaria porii) occurrence were very low in 78 % of the accessions.

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of organic sources of fertilizers on yield and yield parameters of five coffee (Coffea arabica) genotypes at Gulmi district in 2015 to 2021. Five different source of organic manures (mustard cake @ 2 kg/plant, poultry manure @ 2.5 kg/plant, vermi compost @ 3 kg/plant, goat manure @ 4 kg/plant and FYM/cattle manure @ 5 kg/plant) was applied on five coffee genotypes (Chhetradip Local, Gulmi Local, Selection-10, Syangja Special and Yellow Cattura). Field experiment was laid out in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrespective of genotypes, the length of cherry was found maximum (15.3 mm) in mustard cake applied plants which was followed by poultry manure applied plants (15.2 mm). The average cherry length was found longest (15.3 mm) in Yellow Cattura and Syangja Special which was followed by genotype Chhetradip Local (15.1 mm). The highest diameter of cherry (12.7 mm) was obtained with the use of mustard cake followed by poultry manure (12.4 mm). The application of mustard cake produced the highest cherry yield (3.55 kg/plant) followed by poultry manure (3.43 kg/plant). Yellow Cattura produced the highest fresh cherry yield (3.34 kg/ha) followed by Selection-10 (3.07 kg/plant). Results indicate that poultry manure and Yellow Cattura are most effective for higher production of coffee.

A total 122 landraces collection collection of pea (Pisum sativum L.) germplasm accessions conserved in the Gene bank of Nepal was characterized for 8 quantitative and 11 qualitative traits to assess the magnitude of prevailing genetic variability at National Agriculture Genetic Resources Centre (Genebank), Khumaltar, Nepal during 2017. Shannon and Weaver diversity index (H’) analysis revealed significant intra landrace diversity for both quantitative (0.783) and qualitative traits (0.536). The first two principle components with Eigen value >1 accounted for 66.3% of the entire variability for quantitative traits. For qualitative traits, four principle components with Eigen value >1 accounted for 61.6% of the entire variability. Four clusters were established with phenotypic similarities using Euclidean distance and average linkage methods. The landraces grouped into the cluster I were characterized by higher pod length, width and 100 seed weight. Pearson correlation analysis among seven quantitative traits showed highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.557***) between flowering days and maturity days. This variation indicated that there is a way to identify promising genotypes for pea breeding.