The present study was conducted to determine the drug resistance pattern and the occurrence of biofilm producing Enterococcus faecalis from buffalo meat samples collected from in and around the Anand city, Gujarat. A total of 100 samples (meat, hand’s swab, knife’s swab) were collected aseptically from the butcher shops. Out of 100 samples, 52 (52%) samples were found to be positive on selective media, which were subjected to polymerase chain reaction revealing that 40 isolates were of Enterococcus faecalis. Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that all the isolates were sensitive to Ampicillin (100%); sensitive to intermediate for Gentamicin and resistance was observed against Tigecycline (85%), Trimethoprim (60%), Vancomycin (50%), Norfloxacin (37.5%), and Imipenem-cilastatin (25%). Out of all the PCR positive isolates, 95% (38/40) were biofilm producers when observed phenotypically on Congo Red Agar (CRA). So, it can be concluded that the buffalo meat can be a possible intermediary vehicle for the spread of multidrug-resistant biofilm producing enterococci strains to humans.

The present study was conducted to determine the drug resistance pattern and the occurrence of biofilm-producing Enterococcus faecalis from cow milk samples collected from in and around Anand city, Gujarat. A total of 100 samples were collected aseptically from the doorsteps of livestock farmers. Out of 100 samples, 73 (73%) samples were found to be positive on selective media, which was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, which revealed that all the 73 isolates were of Enterococcus faecalis. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed that all the isolates were sensitive to ampicillin (100%) only, and resistance was observed against Trimethoprim (100%), Tigecycline (80.82%), Vancomycin (67.12%), Gentamicin (46.57%), Imipenem-cilastatin (28.76%), and Norfloxacin (10.95%). Out of all the positive isolates, 30.13% (22/73) were biofilm producers. So, it can be concluded that milk can be a possible intermediary vehicle for the spread of multidrug-resistant biofilm-producing enterococci strains to humans

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease that affects all the homeotherms, including humans, and is caused by the Rabies virus of Rhabdoviridae family. Every year, this disease kills about 55,000 individuals globally. The stray dog is a key player in the spread of rabies. The disease is usually transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal. After being exposed to the virus, the virus must travel to the brain before generating symptoms. Delirium, unusual behaviour, hallucinations, hydrophobia and insomnia may occur as the condition advances. Diagnostic tests such as direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT), direct rapid immunohistochemical test (dRIT), lateral flow assay (LFA), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nuclear sequencing, etc. are used in diagnosis of this dreadful disease. The genotype and lineage of the rabies virus can be determined via N gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. There is no effective treatment for rabies. Even though a tiny number of people have survived rabies, the disease is usually fatal. Rabies can be completely avoided in people if they receive timely and adequate medical treatment. Vaccinating and sterilising the dogs in our neighbourhoods effectively and humanely limit their population and eliminate rabies in both dogs and humans.

A study was undertaken to determine the effect of the incorporation of grated carrot in chicken patties. Chicken patties were  prepared by replacing lean meat with grated carrot at 3 levels, i.e., 10, 15, 20 %. The three treatments along with control were  evaluated for physico chemical properties, sensory evaluation and β-carotene estimation. Each experiment was repeated four times.  There was a significant increase (P<0.05) in cooking yield, moisture, crude fibre and ash content with an increasing level of grated  carrot incorporation. Product pH, crude protein and crude fat showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) with an increase in the level of  incorporation of grated carrot. Mean sensory scores for treatments were found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) for texture and  overall acceptability, while general appearance was similar when compared to control. The optimum incorporation level of grated  carrot was found to be 15 % for chicken patties preparation. Mean sensory scores of 15% grated carrot treatment for general  appearance, flavour, texture, juiciness and overall acceptability were comparable with control treatment during the storage period.  Chicken patties could be stored safely in LDPE pouches for 9 days at refrigeration temperature (4±1°C).