A Deus pela dádiva da vida e o entusiasmo pela pesquisa.Aos meus pais, Luzia e Valdir, irmã Jessica e todos os familiares pelo carinho e incentivo, em especial pela minha esposa Juliana pela paciência, companheirismo, incentivo e pelo apoio oferecido na condução dos trabalhos.Ao sistema de ensino público, que, nesta etapa, através da Universidade de Uberlândia, me deu a oportunidade de realizar este mestrado.Ao Prof. Dr. Fernando Cezar Juliatti pela orientação neste trabalho e pelos valiosos ensinamentos transmitidos durante o curso de pós-graduação.À Embrapa e especialmente ao Pesquisador Dr. Nelson Dias Suassuna, à Fundação Goiás e ao PROMALG/UFU, Prof.ª Dr.ª Larissa Barbosa de Sousa, pela disponibilização dos genótipos de algodão.À Fundação Chapadão e ao LAMIP/UFU pela viabilização dos inóculos de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.À toda equipe do Laboratório de Micologia e Proteção de Plantas (LAMIP), em especial aos colegas Tâmara e Roberto pelas sugestões e ensinamentos e a Heitor no auxílio para condução dos experimentos. À Prof.ª Dr.ª Ana Paula Oliveira Nogueira pela fundamental orientação e auxílio, não só na interpretação das análises estatísticas, mas também na estruturação da dissertação.Às empresas Helix Sementes e Mudas e Ourofino Agrociência pelo apoio, incentivo e disponibilização de tempo para a conclusão do mestrado.Aos professores pelos conhecimentos transmitidos, os quais muito ajudarão em minha vida profissional.A todos que direta ou indiretamente contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho, meu muito obrigado.
The expansion of cotton crop into irrigated and high lands of Brazilian Cerrado, despite the possibility of increasing fiber yield, led to the occurrence of diseases previously considered secondary, such as white mold [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary]. Host genetic resistance is of extreme importance in integrated strategies to manage this disease. Resistance of Brazilian cotton genotypes, challenged with different strains of S. sclerotiorum, under two incubation conditions for disease progress was evaluated. In addition, possible correlation between oxalic acid and straw test methods to rank the genotypes was evaluated. Artificial inoculation was done when cotton plants reached the V 2 phenological stage with fungi isolated from naturally infected soybean (ScS) or cotton (ScC) commercial crops. Control plants were inoculated with culture medium. After inoculation, plants were kept for one week either in a growth chamber or in greenhouse and evaluated for disease symptoms and severity. The oxalic acid test consisted of stem submersion of rootless cotton plants in a 2-cm layer of 20 or 40 mM solutions for 20, 44 or 68 h. A wilting scale was used to distinguish genotype's sensibility to the acid. The data were submitted to individual, joint, and multivariate analysis, grouping cotton genotypes by the Scott-Knott's test (p < 0.05), the hierarchical UPGMA and the non-hierarchical Tocher methods. Difference in aggressiveness between strains was identified, in which ScC led to greater disease severity. This result suggests a possible physiological specialization of S. sclerotiorum to different hosts. It was observed that the growth chamber environment provided more adequate conditions for S. sclerotiorum infection, thus allowing better selection of resistant cotton genotypes. UPGMA and Tocher grouping methods further confirmed that the evaluated genotypes differ from each other in resistance to white mold. No correlation between oxalic acid and straw test methods was observed.
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