Rates of structural healing and complications are comparable for inside-out and all-inside repair techniques for isolated meniscal injury. Differences in observed healing rates after meniscal repair may be more dependent on tear pattern and associated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rather than an inside-out versus all-inside surgical approach.
Recent interest in neural network models for parallel distributed processing is stimulating much interest within the optics community, in particular, on the feasibility of optical associative memories.1 We illustrate how a set of spatially multiplexed volume holograms recorded in a photorefractive crystal constitutes an optical crossbar switch that globally interconnects a two-layer neural network.2 We focus on the use of the network to provide associative memory and show that the mathematical operations involved in distributed memory storage and recall can be optically implemented in a very natural fashion within the framework of photorefractive holography. These operations include vector outer products, linear combinations of outer-product matrices, and matrix-vector multiplication.
Recent development of a computer-controlled Czochralski crystal growth system at Stanford University has allowed us to produce large single-crystal Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6 boules. Since this material is grown in a solid solution, striations are normally present and difficult to suppress. We discuss the nature of the striations and a simple scattering measurement that provides quantitative information about the degree of compositional variation in our samples. The results show that the effect of striations on laser beam propagation is negligible over a wide range of input angles.
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