Andiroba (Carapa Procera Aubl) belongs to the Meliaceae family and is a plant of great importance for the traditional medicine in the Amazon. Also, the oil obtained from its seeds is widely used in the cosmetics industry. The following study was carried out at the Tropical Silviculture Experimental Station of the National Institute of Amazon Research (EEST/INPA), where the growth of andiroba seedlings was evaluated using three types of substrates which received daily irrigation, according to the following treatments: T1 = sand/clay; T2 = clay/organic fertilizer and T3 = forest topsoil. The following data were collected monthly: height, neck diameter, and number of leaves. The results showed a non-significant difference with a t-test at a p-value of 0.05 for seedling height. For neck diameter, there was a significant difference, especially in T2 and T3, which presented higher average values, indicating that the use of both commercial organic fertilizer and forest soil which particularly has a high concentration of decomposing organic matter, are beneficial to seedling growth. However, the usage of forest topsoil as a substrate must be taken carefully due to the large amount needed that may harm local ecosystem. Therefore, seedling production with organic substrates is a viable alternative for local producers disposed to produce better quality seedlings.

The objective of paper was to analyze and describe the investigations accomplished in Venezuela in the base of National Park Canaima in (2007) in the indigenous community of Paraytepuy de Roraima (South America). The methodology studies the book of visitations of Roraima Mount, in the years from 2002 to 2003, 2005 to 2006 and 2006 to 2007. In this period it was made the walk to Roraima Mount top in the company of the guides and indigenous loaders Pemón Taurepáng. Approximately 3.500 people visit Roraima Mount a year. The South American peoples have 45,70% of the visitations, European 38,48%, American North 5,12%, Asian 4,12% and Oceanic 1,03%. The terrestrial access to Roraima Mount is only accomplished by Venezuela.

The consensus is that Amazonian white-sand ecosystems (campinaranas) shelter several endemic plant species. However, recent studies have shown that most species are generalists, and they also occur in other Neotropical ecosystems. To investigate this issue, we analyzed the proportion of endemic/specialist species in a checklist of trees, palms, and shrubs sampled between 2014 and 2020 in campinarana patches of the Uatumã Sustainable Development Reserve (USDR), central Amazon. We also provide a description of phytophysiognomies, habitats, distribution, and phenology. We found 167 species belonging to 117 genera and 50 families. Fabaceae was the most representative (21 spp.), followed by Rubiaceae (16 spp.) and Chrysobalanaceae (10 spp.). We found that 30.5% of the species were exclusive to campinaranas, confirming that although there are many endemics, proportionally most species are generalists. The USDR has a rich flora specialized in oligotrophic habitats, which must be considered in the management and conservation strategies of these complex and fragile Amazonian ecosystems. 

The historical reciprocity among traditional populations and the usage of biodiversity in natural environments have outlined the Amazon as one of the richest and most complex socio-ecological systems on the planet. Conservation Units (CU's) are effective strategies to protect biodiversity, although the simple creation does not guarantee its efficiency. Conservation depends on the integration between ecological and social aspects of the forest peoples and the management of institutions involved with the use and protection of biodiversity and environment. In this context, Non-Timber Forest Products (NFTPs) are important elements in the culture and subsistence of traditional populations and can represent significant sources of income. Specifically, the açaí palm (Euterpe precatoria) is one of the species that stands out in the Amazon, with high cultural and economic values. Given the importance of the species, this research was carried out using traditional knowledge associated with this palm tree, along with residents of three communities of the RDS Piagaçu Purus, to identify and evaluate the uses of parts of the plant of greatest interest to local communities. Within a two-months period, in 2006, information on the diversity of uses and knowledge of the species were collected. It was applied the method of qualitative-quantitative exploratory research, surveying primary and secondary information. The results showed the great potential of açaí usage, especially the fruit, which is consumed in the form of wine and the root, in popular medicine, indicating that the species is a key resource for families subsistence besides its high economic and social potential.

Amazon ecosystems have suffered constant losses due to fragmentation processes, which as a result puts associated biodiversity at risk. Although vascular epiphytes constitute a representative component of tropical forests, they are still poorly studied in white-sand ecosystems. We present a description and checklist of the vascular epiphytes present in white-sand ecosystems (campinaranas) in the Central Amazon. We also analyzed the structure and determined of the value of epiphytic importance (VEI) for the species. We recorded 112 species, 58 genera, and 16 families of vascular epiphytes. The greatest richness (95 spp.) was observed in forested phytophysiognomies. Orchidaceae (66 spp.), Bromeliaceae (12 spp.), and Araceae (9 spp.) were the richest families. Prosthechea aemula W.E.Higgins (Orchidaceae) had the highest VEI and accounted for about 28% of an abundance of individuals. Among the species, 36.6% have a distribution restricted to the Amazon region, which emphasizes the importance of the conservation of these environments.