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Inflammatory pseudotumors (IPT) are uncommon mass lesions arising most typically in the lungs of young adults. These tumors are so named because of the difficulty in distinguishing them preoperatively from malignant lesions. IPT are characterized histologically by localized fibrous proliferations with infiltration by mononuclear leukocytes, particularly plasma cells. Seventeen previous cases of IPT involving the liver and biliary tree have been reported in children. In this location, IPT may lead to biliary obstruction, portal hypertension, cirrhosis and eventually hepatic failure. We describe the youngest patient ever reported with hepatic IPT (HIPT) and biliary obstruction, who was successfully managed with a left hepatic lobectomy and Kasai portoenterostomy. Based on all previous cases of HIPT in both adults and children (74 cases), we propose a morphologic classification of these lesions based on the presence of single versus multiple lesions, with individualized management. Type 1 lesions are large, solitary lesions, often with central necrosis, giving a characteristic radiographic appearance. Type 2 lesions are multiple smaller, solid nodules indistinguishable from metastatic malignancy.

Spontaneous rupture of the spleen is a rare complication of infectious mononucleosis with no clear consensus on appropriate management. Although management of traumatic splenic rupture has largely moved to nonoperative treatment, splenectomy is still frequently used in dealing with rupture of the diseased spleen. Here we report the case of a 16-year-old boy with splenic rupture secondary to laboratory-confirmed infectious mononucleosis in the absence of trauma. Nonoperative management including ICU admission, serial computed tomography scans, and activity limitation was used successfully. Our experience, along with a review of the literature, leads us to conclude that splenic preservation can be a safe alternative to splenectomy in hemodynamically stable patients with spontaneous splenic rupture. This is of particular importance in the pediatric population, which is at higher risk for postsplenectomy sepsis.