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Abstract.In an effort to remove a presumed confound of extrapersonal associations, Olson and Fazio (2004) introduced procedural modifications to attitude versions of the Implicit Association Test (IAT). We hypothesized that the procedural changes increased the likelihood that participants would explicitly evaluate the target concepts (e.g., rating Black and White faces as liked or disliked). Results of a mega-study covering 58 topics and six additional studies (Total N = 15,667) suggest that: (a) after personalizing, participants are more likely to explicitly evaluate target concepts instead of categorizing them according to the performance rules, (b) this effect appears to account for the personalized IAT's enhanced correlations with self-report, (c) personalizing does not alter the relationship between the IAT and cultural knowledge, and (d) personalized and original procedures each capture unique attitude variation. These results provide an alternative interpretation of the impact of personalizing the IAT. Additional innovation may determine whether personalizing implicit cognition is viable.

Six rhesus monkeys self-administered orally delivered phencyclidine (PCP; 0.25 mg/ml) with saccharin (0.3% or 0.03% wt/vol) or water under concurrent fixed-ratio (FR) schedules. During daily 3-hr sessions, subjects had concurrent access to 2 liquids: PCP versus water, PCP versus saccharin, or saccharin versus water. The FR of both liquids was varied (4, 8, 16, 32, and 64) in nonsystematic order and when behavior was stable at each FR, buprenorphine (0.005 mg/kg) was injected intramuscularly for 5 days. Buprenorphine treatment decreased PCP deliveries by 16-65% across the range of FR values when compared with the no-treatment baseline, and concurrent saccharin reduced PCP deliveries from 34-63%. Combining buprenorphine treatment and concurrent availability of saccharin produced decreases in PCP deliveries of 70-87% from the no-treatment baseline across the FR values. Greater reductions were found at the highest FR values. P raax values were shifted to the left under all treatment conditions, suggesting that the reinforcing efficacy of the drug was reduced. These findings suggest that pharmacological and behavioral treatments produce additive reductions in drug self-administration.Buprenorphine, a partial agonist at the |x-opioid receptor, has been of interest recently for its potential use in the treatment of opioid and other drug abuse. Many studies have demonstrated buprenorphine's effectiveness in decreasing drug self-administration using animal models (

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