Surfactants are the single most important ingredients in laundry and household cleaning products, comprising from 15 to 40% of the total detergent formulation. They play a key role in the $60 billion detergent market, which is the focus of this review. The past, present, and future trends of mainframe anionic surfactants and the key technological developments for these surfactants are discussed. The focus of this review is on how surfactants are changed (i) to meet changing environmental requirements, (ii) to take advantage of advances in process technology, and (iii) to address changes in consumer habits.

Aryliodine(III) difluorides represent an interesting and relatively little studied class of fluorinating agents. Early studies were conducted on the generation of phenyliodine (III) difluoride and its reactions with a few selected alkenes.2 3"4 Carpenter developed an improved method for the preparation of phenyliodine(III) difluoride from the dichloride and studied its reaction with arylethenes.5

2-(2,4-Dimethoxy-5-(methylcarboxamido)benzoyl)-4methyl-4-cyclohexenecar boxy lie Acid (4c). A mixture of the acrylic acid 3c (4.0 g, 13.7 mmol) and isoprene (5 mL) in ethanol (100 mL) was refluxed overnight. The adduct 4c (2.5 g, 50%) was isolated in the same manner as in the previous additions and the solid was collected: mp [190][191]; IR (KBr) ymai 3400, 1725, 1640, 1600 cm"1; NMR ((CD3)2CO) S 1.6 (s, 3 H, C=CCH3), 2.1 (s, 3 H, COCH3), 2.1-3.0 (m, 6 H), 3.9 (2 s, 6 H, OCHs), 5.3 (m, 1H, C==CH), 6.6 (s, 1 H, arom), 7.8 (m, 1H, arom); X^(MeOH) 315 nm (« 1200), 270 (3000), 240 (4700); mass spectrum, m/e (relative intensity) 361.1521 (5), 222.0771 (100), 180.0658 (17), 165.0524 (25); m/e caled for C^NOs (361.1525), CnH12N04 (222.0767), C^oNO,, (180.0661).Acknowledgment. This search was assisted by an NIH Biomedical Sciences Support Grant 58S07RR07055-12-13, administered by the University of Nebraska Research Council. We are grateful to the Midwest Center for Mass Spectrometry, Lincoln, NE, for the mass spectra.

p‐Amino‐phenylessigsäure (I) liefert durch Sandmeyer.

Durch Einwirkung von Fluor bei niedriger Temperatur erhält man aus Diazoverbindungen wie (I) die geminalen Difluoride (II).