A method has been developed to improve the accuracy with which the polarization state of light can be characterized by the rotating quarter-wave plate technique. Through detailed analysis, verified by experiment, we determine the positions of the optic axes of the retarder and linear polarizer, and the wave plate retardance, to better than 1° for typical signal-to-noise ratios. Accurate determination of the Stokes parameters can be achieved using a single wave plate for a wide range of optical wavelengths using this technique to determine the precise retardance at each of the wavelengths of interest.

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Clearly resolved hyperfine structure has been observed in the extreme ultraviolet ͑XUV͒ spectra of the C 1 ⌸, v =0−X 1 ⌺ + , v = 0 transition of H 19 F obtained through 1 XUV+ 1 UV resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy. The hyperfine splitting within the R-branch lines shows significant perturbations, which we attribute to mixing with the rotational levels of the nearby v = 29 level of the B 1 ⌺ + ion-pair state. A deperturbation analysis quantitatively explains the apparent variation of the fluorine magnetic hyperfine parameter a F , for which a value of 4034͑83͒ MHz was obtained by averaging over the values derived from the R͑0͒ -R͑4͒ lines, after correcting for the effects of the perturbations.

The frequency-dependent IPD is a well-established evolutionary game. It abstracts the key facets of biolog-