The problems facing veterinary diagnostic laboratories in developing countries range from simple problems, such as limited funds to keep good personnel or obtain equipment, supplies, reagents ortraining, to the more complex problems of designing and executing appropriate sample collection schemes for disease surveillance or evaluating the performance characteristics of a new diagnostic assay. While many developing countries are addressing these problems independently and a number of international and national organisations provide various forms of external support, the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) must continue in its critical role to provide guidelines for the most appropriate diagnostic assays for trade purposes and the development of the primary reference reagents for these assays. In addition, the OIE should take the lead in development of quality management guidelines for veterinary diagnostic testing laboratories. Without these guidelines and standards, diagnostic laboratories in developing countries will have difficulty in gaining the credibility necessary to help improve the positions of their countries in the international trade of livestock and livestock commodities.