Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a phenomenon by which cells become resistant to unrelated chemotherapeutic agents. The prognostic value that lung resistance protein (LRP) and multidrug resistance-related protein 1 (MRP1) have in the setting of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of LRP and MRP1 and effect on clinical outcome and prognosis. The mRNA expression of LRP and MRP1 were analyzed in leukemic blasts of 34 pediatric ALL patients. LRP and MRP1 mRNA expression were detected in 41.2% and 35.3%, respectively. Eleven (91.7%) of 12 patients without LRP achieved CR compared with 9 (50.0%) of 18 with LRP expression. Similarly, 11 (100%) of 11 patients without MRP1 expression achieved CR compared with 9 (47.4%) of 19 with MRP1 expression and higher LRP expression rate or MRP1 expression rate was present in patients with relapse than MDR genes negative patients. The expression of either of two genes was associated with poorer 2-year survival. Also, patients expressing both genes had poorer outcomes and had worse 2-year survival. We suggest that MDR expression affects complete remission and survival rates in ALL patients. Thus, diagnosis appears to provide prognostic information for pediatric ALL.

Objective: To find out the relation between Pro 12 Ala polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPAR-g2) gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the possible role of this gene polymorphism as a link between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Methods: Subjects of this study were classified into 3 groups: (15) Apparently healthy lean individuals (Group I), (15) obese non diabetic individuals (group II) and (24) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (group III). This group divided into: Diabetic non obese patients (12 patients) (Group IIIa) and: Diabetic obese patients (12 patients) (Group IIIb). The subjects were subjected to clinical examination, serum insulin level and estimation of PPAR-g2 gene polymorphism by Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Frequency of Pro allele was significant increase in diabetic non obese patients& diabetic non obese patients when compared to control group (P= 0.048 and 0.003, respectively

Aim: The aim of this work is to study the prognostic impact of mutations in the myeloid transcription factor gene CEBPA (for CCAAT/en-

MDM-2 is overexpressed in a significant number of childhood ALL, and more often observed in the poor outcome group and its frequency is not related to p53 status. Measurement of MDM-2 as a bad prognostic marker even in cases with non-mutant p53 is very important. Moreover, MDM-2 may be a potential molecular target for production of new cancer therapy.

Background: Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding factor-1 (LEF-1) is a 48-kD nuclear protein that is expressed in pro-B cells and mature T cells but not in mature B cell. LEF-1 binds to a functionally important site in the T-cell receptor alpha (TCR .t ) enhancer and confers maximal enhancer activity; LEF-1 belongs to a family of regulatory proteins that share homology with high mobility group protein-1 (HMG1). Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding factor-1 LEF-1 is sufficient to differentiate CLL/SLL from other small B-cell lymphomas and may serve as a useful tool in the diagnosis of CLL/SLL, LEF-1 is highly associated with CLL/SLL among small Bcell lymphomas and therefore can serve as a useful immunehisto-chemistry (IHC) marker for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CLL/SLL. Aim of the Study:Our aim is to evaluate the role of Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding factor-1 (LEF-1) expression by flow cytometry in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Methods and Material:This study was carried out on 45 newly diagnosed B-CLL patients attending the hematology oncology clinic of Tanta University Hospitals. The patients were selected for the study on the basis of standard clinical, hematological and immune phenotypic criteria for diagnosis of CLL, In addition to 15 apparently healthy subjects serving as healthy control group. Subjects included in this study were classified into the following groups: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Group I: Included 45 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Group I: Healthy Control Group. This group included 15 apparently healthy subjects.Results: There was no significant correlation between LEF-1 expression and age and sex, there was a significant negative correlation between LEF1 expression and Hb and platelet count, there was a significant positive correlation