Ethno-cultural stereotypes are the result of comparing one´s own culture, customs, traditions with that of strangers, identifying and fixing differences between the cultures of ethnic groups. Stereotypical images of different peoples exist even in the minds of those people who had no experience in communication with representatives of these ethnic groups. However, the results of the study of ethnic stereotypes of people who are in direct contact with this ethnic group and see it up close in comparison to people who evaluate it from a distance, often raises more questions than gives clear answers. The solution of these questions raises before the researcher a whole complex of methodological problems. The article will introduce a new methodological approach to reveal ethno-cultural stereotypes in the text culture and in our contemporaries’ common sense perception. To distinguish between people’s individual perception of a particular ethnos and collective stereotypes, the following qualitative and quantitative criteria are suggested: 1) bipolar orthonormal core axes of parameter distribution; 2) the significance of the axis; 3) the degree of consistency of parameters distributed on the axis; 4) the weighting coefficient of testee’s reaction.
The article attempts to comprehend the tradition of anthropological studying of the local text and composing local text dictionaries of the cities of the post-Soviet cultural space. The tradition itself developed at the turn of the 20th and 21th centuries. This young research tradition is analysed on the basis of materials of the two local text dictionaries: the dictionary of Omsk, a Russian regional centre, and the dictionary of provincial Ukrainian town Mogilev-Podolsky. A project of the local text dictionary of Narva, an Estonian city located on the border between Russia and the European Union, is presented.Ключевые слова / Keywords: Локальный текст, провинциальный город, постсоветское культурное пространство, словарь локального текста, Нарва / Local text, provincial town, post-Soviet cultural space, local text dictionary, Narva.Зародившаяся на рубеже XX-XXI вв. антропологическая традиция изучения локальных текстов малых городов на территории постсоветского пространства и опыт составления словарей локальных текстов этих городов нуждаются в осмыслении, которое позволит наметить перспективы развития этих междисциплинарных исследований городского пространства.
Artiklis käsitletakse pulmasõitu kui vene pulmakombestiku püsivat komponenti nõukoguliku ajastu kultuuriruumis. Antakse ülevaade selle rituaalse tava sündimisloost, tutvustatakse uurijate erinevaid versioone, kuidas kujunes nõukogulik komme külastada abielu sõlmimise päeval noorpaari ja pulmakülalistega teatud kohti. Fookuses on 1960. aastatel tekkima hakanud Narva pulma-marsruudi peatuspaigad. Sellel perioodil kinnistus pulmamarsruut-linnast eeslinna (Narva-Jõesuu). Artiklis vaadeldakse pulmamarsruudi kolme peatuspaika: Lenini monument Peetri väljakul, ringristmik linna keskel, "Šiškini mänd" (Narva-Jõesuu). Kaks viimast on säilitanud oma positsiooni ka tänapäeva pulma-marsruudis. Pulmapäeva külastuspaikade ümber kujuneb rituaalne kultuur ja kohalik folkloor. Märksõnad: pulmamarsruut Narvas, pulmapäeva peatuspaigad, tänapäeva folkloor, vene pulmakombestik Sissejuhatus Rahvalike (eelkõige külakultuuri puudutavate ja talupoeglike) pulmakommete ja rituaalide uurimine on üks vene folkloristide ja etnograafide traditsioonilisi valdkondi (Puškarjova & Šmeljova 1959; Tšistov & Berštam 1978 jt). 20. sajandi teisest poolest kuni 21. sajandi alguseni on tehtud katseid rekonstrueerida ja kirjeldada kaasaegseid pulmatavandeid linnas. Retrospektiivses ja võrdlevas võtmes on kirjeldatud küla-ja linnaelanike pulmakombeid 11.-20. sajandini (Timofejeva 2004); 16. sajandi linna pulmatavandeid (Rabinovitš 1978); kaupmeeste pulmatraditsioone Siberi linnades 18. sajandist 19. sajandi keskpaigani (Kuzmina 2010) ja pulmatavandite arengut Venemaa keskvööndi väikestes ja keskmistes linnades 19. sajandi keskelt kuni 20. sajandi 70. aastateni
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