Autofluorescence imaging videobronchoscopy (AFI) is one of the new systems of autofluorescence bronchoscopy designed for thorough examination of bronchial mucosa. The integration of autofluorescence and videobronchoscopy provides clear images of normal and pathologically altered bronchial mucosa. Major indications for AFI include evaluation of early-stage lung cancer and detection of precancerous lesions. However, in recent years, the indications for AFI are widening, and this tool might find its place in routine daily bronchoscopic practice. With new indications for AFI, such as evaluation of tumor extension or follow-up after surgical resection, this tool might be more often used by bronchoscopists. A sharp learning curve and clear distinction between healthy and pathologically altered mucosa make this technology acceptable for young and inexperienced bronchoscopists. One of the major disadvantages of AFI is low specificity in the detection of premalignant lesions and early-stage lung cancer. This disadvantage could be overcome with the appearance of new and improved technologies in autofluorescence, such as the addition of backscattered light analysis, ultraviolet spectra, fluorescence-reflectance or dual digital systems. Quantitative image analysis is also one of the ways to improve objectivity and minimize observer errors. However, one of the most appropriate solutions would be the addition of AFI to narrow band imaging, and merging the two technologies into one videobronchoscope.

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequencies of EGFR -216G>T, -191C>A, and 181946C>T in Serbian non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, as well as to compare it with healthy individuals, in order to assess their potential importance for lung cancer in Serbia. The study involved 56 NSCLC patients and 53 unrelated healthy volunteers, and genotyping was performed on DNA samples obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tumor tissue and blood, respectively. This was the first time to show genotype frequencies of those single nucleotide polymorphisms for this study group from the territory of the Republic of Serbia. There was very strong evidence of association between age and death due to lung cancer (Pearson chi-square = 43.439, df = 2, p < 0,001), as well as between ever smoking and death due to lung cancer (Pearson chi-square = 31.727, df = 1, p < 0.001). When dominant genetic model (GG vs. GT+TT) was used for -216G>T, we have found significant association (p = 0.012) between -216GG genotype and NSCLC patients within smokers' subgroup. So, carriers of -216GG genotype had higher risk (OR = 4.33, 95 % CI = 1.324-14.179) than noncarriers (GT and TT) for developing non-small cell lung cancer in our patients.

We report a case of intrathoracic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a 65-year old woman revealed after a few-month history of progressive dyspnea, appetite and body mass loss. The chest magnetic resonance (MR) examination revealed the presence of a large tumor occupying the mediastinum and a major portion of the right hemithorax. The diagnostic tumor sample was obtained by parasternal biopsy in local anesthesia. The surgical resection of the tumor could not be performed due to its excessive size, intrathoracic involvement and bad respiratory reserves of a patient. The chemotherapy and irradiation were performed as palliative measures. The lethal outcome appeared 10 months after the diagnosis was established.

Participant adherence to standardized 8-week mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) may be challenging, and adaptations from intervention protocols have been reported in mindfulness research. We conducted a scoping review to determine how women with breast or gynecological cancer adhered to standardized 8-week MBIs delivered in intervention studies. Searches were conducted for articles published till February 2020 in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL EBSCO, PsycINFO Ovid SP, and Cochrane Library Wiley. The following outcomes were investigated: class and silent retreat attendance, intervention completion rate (ICR), adherence to home practice, and reasons for dropping out from an MBI study. Among the 25 included MBI studies, mindfulness-based stress reduction was the most often delivered intervention and mostly women with stage I–III breast cancer were represented. The duration of classes varied from 1.5 to 3.5 hours. Planned home practice varied from 20 to 60 min/day, and silent retreat varied from 4.5 to 8 hours. Due to heterogeneity in the reporting of class attendance, the data could not be pooled. Six studies reported an average class attendance ranging from 5 to 8.2 classes. Overall, intervention completion rate (the proportion who completed all classes) varied from 26.3% to 100%; however, discontinuations were not systematically reported. Home practice time was reported in 20% of the studies and ranged from 17 to 24 min/day. The main reasons for dropping out from an MBI study were health-related problems, organizational challenges, travel distance, and lack of motivation/commitment. About 70% of the studies reported some data on participant adherence, revealing a relatively high overall frequency of class attendance. However, the monitoring and reporting of participant adherence should be improved in future studies to increase our knowledge on the required amount of participant engagement to improve health outcomes and facilitate the implementation of effective interventions on a larger scale.