Objectives Although tuberculosis (TB) related stigma has a significant impact on the diagnosis, patient adherence with treatment, and recovery from the disease, there is limited evidence from Ethiopia regarding perceived stigma among patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).The purpose of this study was to assess perceived stigma and associated factors among patient with PTB on treatment in southwest Ethiopia. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2019 among 410 patient with PTB. Data were collected by using the perceived tuberculosis stigma scale. Epi data v3.1 and SPSSv23 were used for data entry and analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with perceived stigma. Results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Result Prevalence of perceived stigma among patient with Pulmonary tuberculosis was 57.1% (95% CI: 52.2, 61.7). Poor social support (AOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.06, 5.48), above a month duration of illness (AOR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.33, 4.64), high perceived stress (AOR = 1.95; 95% CI:1.09, 3.49), current khat use (AOR = 1.88; 95% CI:1.05, 3.37), and presence of depression (AOR = 8.18; 95% CI:4.40, 15.22) were significantly associated with perceived stigma. Patient with HIV co-infection were 5.67 times (AOR = 5.67; 95% CI: 2.32, 13.87) more likely to have Perceived stigma than their counterparts. Conclusion TB related stigma was reported by more than half of the study participant. Stigma reduction measures are needed to lower TB related stigma perceived by the patient, the level of distress associated with it, and to promote the psychological wellbeing of patient with TB.

Background: Mental health problems in internally displaced people (IDP) can be triggered by either collective effect or individual effect of traumas experienced during Preflight, Flight, and Resettlement time. Higher level of depression and anxiety has been reported among IDPs globally while little is known in Ethiopia.Aims: To assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety among internally displaced people in Gedeo zone, Ethiopia, 2019.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among internally displaced communities settled in Gedeo Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Regional states (SNNPR) among randomly selected 421 displaced individuals. Data were collected using standard and structured tools and entered into Epi info version 7 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 for analysis and descriptive statistics have been used to report the magnitude of the outcome. Logistic regression was considered to evaluate association between variables. Results: A total of 421 displaced persons completed the survey constituting a 99.5% response rate, of which 232 (55.1%) were males. Age of the study subjects ranged between 19 and 80 years, with a median of 33 years and ±11.8 SD. Higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders were found: depression 18.5% ((95% CI: (15.0, 22.3)), and anxiety 59.1% ((95% CI: (54.6, 63.9)). Tobacco use, female gender and age range from 19-30 years had statistically significant effect on the mental health outcomes of IDPs in the current study. Respondents’ marital condition, educational status, occupation, current living condition, social support status, as well as exposure status to physical and sexual violence were not significantly associated with both depression and anxiety. Conclusions: This assessment identified that the prevalence of depression and anxiety was high among internally displaced populations in the Gedeo zone. Clinical and psychosocial intervention is required.

Background Iron deficiency is the world's highly prevalent micronutrient deficiency, affecting more than 30% of the global population. Pregnant women commonly use iron folic acid (IFA) supplements to prevent iron deficiency, anemia and neural tube anomalies during gestation. IFA supplementation is a crucial component of antenatal care (ANC) in Ethiopia, although its efficacy and success have been hindered primarily by the non-compliance seen among women who are pregnant. Despite this, factors that determine the compliance of women to the recommended IFA supplementation are not well studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of compliance with IFA supplementation among pregnant women attending ANC. Method An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 pregnant women from March 20 – April 5, 2021. Based on the stated number of IFA pills consumed in the seven days prior to the survey, compliance with IFA supplementation was assessed. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. Face-to-face interviews were used to gather data using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Data were entered into epi-data and exported to SPSS for analysis. Binary logistic regression model was used and variables with a P-value < 0.25 in a bivariate analysis were included in multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of compliance with IFA. Statistically significant was declared at P-value of 0.05 or lower. Result The compliance with Iron folic acid supplementation was 47.0% (95% CI: 43.1–51.2). Educational status of the women (AOR = 4.42; 95% CI: 1.32, 13.50), distance of ≤ 4km to health facility (AOR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.32, 4.57), place of antenatal care follow-up (AOR = 2.23; 95%CI: 1.17, 4.51), family size (AOR = 4.99; 95% CI:2.43, 10.24) and source of information (AOR = 5.52; 95%CI: 1.30, 23.54) were found to be independent predictors of pregnant women’s compliance with IFA supplementation. Conclusion Less than half of the pregnant women were compliant with iron folic acid utilization. Generally, educational status, distance to the health facility, family size, and source of information were the major reasons for compliance with iron folic acid utilization.