Introduction:The main objectives of root canal treatment are to provide comfort, function, aesthetics and long-term prevention of re-infection. Endodontic treatment has success rates of between 86% and 98%. Treatment options after initial unsuccessful treatment include non-surgical retreatment, endodontic surgery, dental autotransplantation, intentional reimplantation and extraction. Objective: To review the literature on possible treatments to be performed following conventional endodontic treatment. Methodology: Information was searched in PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar. Key words were used to search for information such as: "non-surgical retreatment", "apical surgery", "apicectomy", "autotransplantation", "intentional reimplantation". Results: Endodontic retreatment is a non-surgical procedure that involves the removal of previous filling materials, followed by cleaning, shaping and filling the canals. Apicoectomy involves surgical treatment of a tooth with a periapical lesion that cannot be resolved by routine endodontic treatment. Autotransplantation is the repositioning of an autogenous tooth at another site to replace teeth. Intentional replantation involves purposefully removing a compromised tooth and replanting the tooth in its socket. Conclusion:The first choice when dental treatment fails is non-surgical retreatment, which will allow the previously treated canal to be cleaned and better results to be obtained. Intentional reimplantation, although not the most appropriate treatment, has been shown to be successful and is considered one of the last treatment options.