This study investigated correlates of situation-specific depressive affect associated with unemployment arid correlates of more general depressive symptoms assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for a sample of 116 young unemployed male and female subjects. Consistent with a frustrated work-motivation pattern, depressive affect was associated with concern about being unemployed (employment importance) and with stronger endorsement of external causes of unemployment. Consistent with a selftblame view of depression, BDI scores were related to stronger endorsement of internal causes for unemployment, to low selfesteem, and to feelings of helplessness (indicated by judgments that the major cause of personal unemployment was uncontrollable). Stronger endorsement of internal causes was found among those subjects with a longer history of unemployment. Multiple regression analyses showed, however, that the attributional variables accounted for a relatively low proportion of the variance in the depression measures. These results suggest that there are different correlates for situation-specific depressive affect about unemployment and BDI depression. They also question the adequacy of attributional accounts of depression.

The glycemic index (GI) is a system that ranks foods according to the blood glucose-increasing potential of servings of foods that provide the same amount of available carbohydrate. The GI was originally developed as a tool for carbohydrate exchange in the dietary management of glycemia in persons with diabetes, and studies have generally supported modest benefits of low-GI diets in this population. Despite inconsistent results for the utility of the GI in the nondiabetic population, there is some interest in its universal application on food labels to assist consumers in making food choices that would help them meet their dietary goals. The objective of this review was to evaluate the usefulness of including the GI values of foods as part of the information on food labels in Canada. Health Canada's assessment identified 3 areas of concern with respect to GI labeling: 1) the GI measure has poor accuracy and precision for labeling purposes; 2) as a ratio, the GI does not vary in response to the amount of food consumed and the partial replacement of available carbohydrates with unavailable carbohydrates, whereas the glycemic response does; and 3) an unintended focus on the GI for food selection could lead to food choices that are inconsistent with national dietary guidelines. Hence, Health Canada's current opinion is that the inclusion of the GI value on the label of eligible food products would be misleading and would not add value to nutrition labeling and dietary guidelines in assisting consumers to make healthier food choices.

This document was developed as a review of the scientific information available pertaining to the safety of ingredients that may be part of the composition of the beverages known as Caffeinated Energy Drinks (Energy Drinks). The document was developed during a period spanning from 2010 to late 2011. A number of references and new studies have been made available since then and are not referenced in the present document. An update of the present Health Risk Assessment is envisaged in 2014 15, upon review of information currently being collected by Health Canada's Food Directorate since the regulatory decision made in October 2011, to regulate Energy Drinks as beverages (i.e. food) as opposed to their former classification as Natural Health Products.

In Canada, Caffeinated Energy Drinks (CEDs) currently sold under Temporary Marketing Authorizations must meet strict eligibility criteria. These criteria, which include compositional and labelling requirements, were developed based on the outcome of a health risk assessment conducted by Health Canada (HC) in 2013. HC updated its assessment by reviewing new information with the focus on potential cardiovascular (CV) effects associated with the consumption of CEDs available for sale in Canada. Due to limited data on CED consumption among Canadians to derive accurate exposure information, the composition of a typical CED was characterized to assess the potential effects of single ingredients and synergistic interactions between ingredients, on the cardiovascular system. Surveillance data on potential adverse effects related to CED consumption was also analysed. After extensive review, HC’s updated assessment confirms the current risk management approach for CEDs is health protective for Canadian consumers, including the potential for cardiovascular effects. The available evidence supports that moderate consumption (up to 500 ml per day) of a typical CED authorized for sale in Canada is safe for the general population of healthy adults and adolescents. It also re-confirms vulnerable sub-populations (i.e., children, pregnant and/or breastfeeding women, and caffeine-sensitive individuals) should not consume CEDs. NOVELTY: • Consumption up to 500 ml per day of a typical CED is not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular effects • Children, pregnant and/or breastfeeding women, and caffeine-sensitive individuals should not consume CEDs

This paper is one of a series of papers examining inclusive education in the con-text of a rural Canadian school district that has adopted a philosophy of inclusion. The results of a survey of 438 parents on their views about aspects of inclusive education at their youngest child’s school are reported. The results indi-cate that the majority of parents were generally positive in their views about and experiences with the inclusive school environment and links to the local communi-ty; however, parents were by no means unanimous in their level of comfort with inclusive education. Tensions were found to exist, and differences in the expe-rience of parents of children who had identified exceptionalities were evident. This study points to the paucity of research on parents and inclusive education and provides some direction for future work in the area.