bProbiotics are widely used in human and animal health, but little is known about the mode of action of probiotics. One possible mechanism at the molecular level could be an influence on microRNAs (miRNAs) and the related immune-relevant target genes. Here, we analyzed differential expression of miRNA and potential target genes of ileal and jejunal lymphatic tissues from Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415-fed piglets versus untreated controls by using next-generation sequencing. We identified miR-423-5p as being greatly affected by the treatment group (2.32-fold; P ‫؍‬ 0.