La degradación de los ecosistemas en los Andes, una de las regiones con mayor biodiversidad del mundo, es atribuida principalmente a la deforestación y la fragmentación. La implementación de áreas protegidas (AP) es una estrategia de conservación efectiva para mitigar los efectos de la transformación del paisaje sobre la biodiversidad. En la Cordillera Occidental de Colombia, en Antioquia, se estableció recientemente el Corredor del Oso de Anteojos (COA, ~4169 km2), como una estrategia para la conservación de la biodiversidad. En este estudio, a partir de información derivada de sensores remotos y bases de datos, localizamos las áreas con mayor biodiversidad en este corredor, y analizamos si estás áreas están siendo protegidas. Los resultados indican que la deforestación (162.37 km2) y la fragmentación (> 90 %) en el COA durante los últimos 19 años se concentran en las áreas más biodiversas, al interior y por fuera de las AP. Si bien las AP alcanzan 30% del área total del COA, las áreas de mayor biodiversidad están representadas en menos de un 17%. Estos resultados indican el riesgo de pérdida de biodiversidad y la creciente necesidad de fortalecer las AP y delimitar nuevas áreas biodiversas.
Thrombosis can cause the occlusion of implantable medical devices, leading to the rejection of the device and subsequent mortality. Thrombosis is primarily induced by red blood aggregation and coagulation. The administration of anticoagulant drugs is generally used as a treatment to avoid these processes. Adverse effects such as bleeding in the event of an anticoagulant overdose, osteoporosis associated with prolonged use, hypersensitivity, and hives have been reported. New strategies such as biomolecule surface functionalization have recently been studied to overcome these problems. In this study, we report a novel coating composed of polydopamine (PDA) and proanthocyanidins (PACs) from blueberry extract to avoid red blood aggregation in short-term use medical devices such as silicone catheters. We showed that PDA formed stable films on silicone surfaces and PACs could be immobilized on PDA layers using laccase as a catalyst. The PDA–PACs films decreased surface hydrophilicity, increased surface roughness, and decreased plasma protein adsorption. The films were stable in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and cell culture media. Furthermore, red blood cell adsorption and aggregation decreased. These effects are attributed to changes in the membrane fluidity that influences adhesion, the steric hindrance of the layers, and the low adsorption of plasma proteins on the PAC layer.
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