Nudix hydrolases are a family of proteins that contain the characteristic sequence GX(5)EX(7)REUXEEXG(I/L/V), the Nudix box. They catalyze the hydrolysis of a variety of nucleoside diphosphate derivatives such as ADP-ribose, Ap(n)A (3 = n = 6), NADH, and dATP. A number of Nudix hydrolases from several species, ranging from bacteria to humans, have been characterized, including, in some cases, the determination of their three-dimensional structures. The product of the Rv1700 gene of M. tuberculosis is a Nudix hydrolase specific for ADP-ribose (ADPR). We have determined the crystal structures of MT-ADPRase alone, and in complex with substrate, with substrate and the nonactivating metal ion Gd(3+), and in complex with a nonhydrolyzable ADPR analog and the activating metal ion Mn(2+). These structures, refined with data extending to resolutions between 2.0 and 2.3 A, showed that there are sequence differences in binding site residues between MT-ADPRase and a human homolog that may be exploited for antituberculosis drug development.
Early language skills and prosocial behavior contribute to positive outcomes across the lifespan. Screening has improved the identification and early intervention (EI) for children with hearing loss, autism spectrum disorders, and genetically based disabilities. However, many children with significant functional impairments in language and behavior are not identified before school entry. These children have missed a critical window for EI that might have prevented or mitigated persistent developmental language impairment and challenging behaviors. The critical need for early identification of children with delays in both language and social-emotional development by proposing a preventive, universal screening approach. This approach to early screening aims to reduce the number of children on a trajectory of academic failure and social difficulties as a result of these early developmental delays.
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