Currently, data examining nationally representative prevalence and trends of HBV or HCV among specific subgroups of pregnant women in the US are unavailable. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of hospitalizations for liveborn singleton deliveries from 1998 to 2011 using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. After identifying deliveries with HBV, HCV, and HIV infection during pregnancy, survey logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. Temporal trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression. The rates of HBV and HCV were 85.8 and 118.6 per 100,000 deliveries, respectively; however, there was substantial variation across maternal and hospital factors. The HBV rate increased from 57.8 in 1998 to 105.0 in 2011, resulting in an annual increase of 5.5% (95% CI: 3.8-7.3). The HCV rate increased fivefold, from 42.0 in 1998 to over 210 in 2011. These trends were observed for nearly every population subgroup. However, we did observe differences in the degree to which hepatitis during pregnancy was becoming more prevalent. The increasing national trend in the prevalence of hepatitis among pregnant women was particularly concerning among already high-risk groups. This underscores the need for coordinated approaches-encompassing culturally-appropriate health education/risk-reduction programs, and increased vaccination and screening efforts-championed by health providers. J. Med. Virol. 89:1025-1032, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

We found that surveillance programs that rely on unverified diagnosis codes can use algorithms to dramatically increase the accuracy of case finding, without having to review medical records. This can be important for etiologic studies. However, the use of increasingly restrictive case definition algorithms led to a decrease in completeness and the disproportionate exclusion of less severe cases, which could limit the widespread use of these approaches.

Introduction: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are complex interactions between various genetic, environmental, developmental, and social factors. Yoga is recommended as a nonmainstream treatment for many health conditions, including SUDs.Methods: Five databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated yoga as an intervention in adults with any type of substance use disorder. The interventions being studied included Hatha yoga, Sudarshan Kriya yoga, breathing yoga exercises, and meditation. Studies, where yoga was combined with other interventions were excluded. The effect of yoga as an intervention was analyzed using primary outcomes such as anxiety, pain, and craving. Eight RCTs met the eligibility criteria, and quality analysis was conducted using the Cochrane criteria.Results: Among the 8 final studies eligible for quality analysis, 2 had undefined substance use, while the others were focused on tobacco, alcohol, or opioids. Seven out of 8 studies showed significant results and improved primary outcomes such as anxiety, pain, or substance use. Seven out of the 8 studies showed significant positive outcomes using yoga in conjunction with other pharmacological treatment modalities like opioid substitution therapy.Conclusions: Six out of 8 studies showed low concerns, while 2 studies showed some concerns about the risk of bias judgment. Although the results look encouraging, RCTs with larger sample size are needed to better evaluate the effectiveness of yoga as a treatment modality for substance use.

Background Little is known about the extent to which severe maternal morbidity (SMM) at delivery impacts early and late postpartum readmission. Objectives We examined readmission rates for women with and without SMM (and their 18 subtypes) at delivery and characterised the most common medical reasons for readmissions. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilising the 2016‐2017 Nationwide Readmissions Database among women giving births in the United States. Deliveries were classified according to the presence or absence of 18 SMM indicators defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM) diagnosis and procedure codes. The primary outcome of this study was all‐cause early (≤7 day) and late (8 to 42 day) postpartum readmission. Survey‐weighted Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to generate adjusted risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to investigate the association between SMM and early and late postpartum readmission. Additionally, we compared principal diagnoses codes during readmission hospitalisations among women with and without SMM at delivery. Results Of the 6 193 852 women examined, 4.9% (n = 4928) with any SMM and 1.4% (n = 83 995) with no SMM were readmitted within 42 days after delivery. After adjusting for obstetric co‐morbidities and sociodemographic factors, women with any SMM were 57% (RR 1.57, 95% CI 1.47, 1.67) more likely to have an early readmission and 69% (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.57, 1.82) more likely to have a late readmission compared to women with no SMM at delivery. However, the risk was attenuated when excluding women with blood transfusion only. Women with and without SMM were readmitted predominantly for obstetric complications and infections. Conclusions Women with SMM at delivery were more likely to experience both early and late postpartum readmission, independent of their obstetrical co‐morbidity burden and sociodemographic factors.