Efforts to reproduce the “Guiselin’s experiment” procedure finds hads(t) curves to be far less reliable than implied in the literature, being strongly dependent on solvent washing conditions, consistent with how adsorption in solution is understood.
Calcium-carbonate-filled linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) films play an important role in the hygienics market because these materials allow for the diffusion of water vapor (breathability) and retain a liquid barrier while providing a barrier to liquids. This is achieved when properly formulated composites are stretched to create pores. There are many important issues surrounding this technology; this report focuses on the effects of poststretching heat-set treatment on moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR), dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile heat distortion temperature (THDT), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal transitions of the porous film properties. Eastman personnel provided the LLDPE/ CaCO 3 breathable films for this study. In general, the film properties were insensitive to heat-setting time beyond that of 1 min. This result suggests that the molecular reorientation and recrystallization associated with the changes in film properties occur rapidly. Properties were, however, strongly sensitive to the heat-set temperature when MVTR decreased and DMTA properties [specifically storage modulus (EЈ) and the ␣-transition temperature] increased as the heat-set temperature increased. This is believed to have been mainly caused by pore closure and the annealing of crystalline regions. The heat-set temperature was easily detectable by DSC techniques when a thermal transition was apparent at the applied temperature, and changes in the heat of fusion for the sample could be observed. Ultimately, the changes in the properties of these porous films were related to changes in the molecular orientation and crystallinity of the matrix in combination with changes in the void structure of the composite. In particular, changes in EЈ could be related to these separate effects.
Background Repetitive hypobaric exposure in humans induces subcortical white matter change, observable on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and associated with cognitive impairment. Similar findings occur in traumatic brain injury (TBI). We are developing a swine MRI-driven model to understand the pathophysiology and to develop treatment interventions. Methods Five miniature pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) were repetitively exposed to nonhypoxic hypobaria (30,000 feet/FIO2 100%/transcutaneous PO2 >90%) while under general anesthesia. Three pigs served as controls. Pre-exposure and postexposure MRIs were obtained that included structural sequences, dynamic contrast perfusion, and diffusion tensor quantification. Statistical comparison of individual subject and group change was performed utilizing a two-tailed t test. Findings No structural imaging change was noted on T2-weighted or three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging between MRI 1 and MRI 2. No absolute difference in dynamic contrast perfusion was observed. A trend (p = 0.084) toward increase in interstitial extra-axonal fluid was noted. When individual subjects were examined, this trend toward increased extra-axonal fluid paralleled a decrease in contrast perfusion rate. Discussion/Impact/Recommendations This study demonstrates high reproducibility of quantitative noninvasive MRI, suggesting MRI is an appropriate assessment tool for TBI and hypobaric-induced injury research in swine. The lack of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery change may be multifactorial and requires further investigation. A trend toward increased extra-axonal water content that negatively correlates with dynamic contrast perfusion implies generalized axonal injury was induced. This study suggests this is a potential model for hypobaric-induced injury as well as potentially other axonal injuries such as TBI in which similar subcortical white matter change occurs. Further development of this model is necessary.
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