Needs of adolescents and young adults with cancer vary along a continuum of care, from diagnosis and treatment through survivorship. Findings emphasize the value of age-appropriate resources and peer support. The study offers direction for delivering services to what previously has been an underserved population.

High rates of sex and drug risk behaviors have been documented among Latino migrant men in the U.S. Whether these behaviors were established in the migrants’ home countries or were adopted in the U.S. has not been described and has implications for prevention strategies. Quarterly surveys were conducted to gather information on selected sex and drug risk practices of Latino migrant men who arrived in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina seeking work. Both kappa scores and McNemar’s tests were performed to determine if practice of these behaviors in home country was similar to practice post-emigration to the U.S. Female sex worker (FSW) patronage, same sex encounters (MSM), and crack cocaine use was more likely to occur post-rather than pre-emigration. Of those who ever engaged in these selected behaviors, most adopted the behavior in the U.S. (i.e. 75.8% of FSW patrons, 72.7% of MSM participants, and 85.7% of crack cocaine users), with the exception of binge drinking (26.8%). Men who were living with a family member were less likely to adopt FSW patronage OR=0.27, CI=0.10-0.76, whereas men who earned >$465 per week were more likely to adopt crack cocaine use OR=6.29 CI=1.29, 30.57. Interventions that facilitate the maintenance of family cohesion and provide strategies for financial management may be useful for reducing sex and drug risk among newly arrived migrants.

Publication bias is the preferential publication of research with positive results, and is a threat to the validity of medical literature. Preliminary evidence suggests that research in blood and marrow transplantation (BMT) lacks publication bias. We evaluated publication bias at an international conference, the 2006 Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR)/American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (ASBMT) "tandem" meeting. All abstracts were categorized by type of research, funding status, number of centers, sample size, and direction of the results. Publication status was then determined for the abstracts by searching PubMed. Of 501 abstracts, 217 (43%) were later published as complete manuscripts. Abstracts with positive results were more likely to be published than those with negative or unstated results (P ‫؍‬ .001). Furthermore, positive studies were published in journals with a mean impact factor of 6.92, whereas journals in which negative/unstated studies were published had an impact factor of only 4.30 (P ‫؍‬ .02). We conclude that publication bias exists in the BMT literature. Full publication of research, regardless of direction of results, should be encouraged and the BMT community should be aware of the existence of publication bias. (Blood. 2011;118(25):6698-6701) IntroductionOnly a small portion of all research eventually becomes part of the published medical literature. Publication bias occurs when a particular characteristic of research renders it more or less likely to be published. 1 For example, if research with "positive" findings is more likely to be published than research with "negative" findings, a bias toward a positive finding may ensue. This is of particular concern in areas of medicine that rely on data from multiple studies, each with small sample sizes. 2 For example, if a new drug is studied in several small trials that demonstrate a mixture of positive and negative results, but only the studies showing benefit are published, the scientific community might falsely conclude that the medication is useful.A variety of factors are associated with publication bias. 3 Authors or funders may be more motivated to pursue the publication of a positive result than a negative one. In addition, journal editors might be more interested in publishing positive findings. It is also possible that authors might anticipate a low likelihood of success at submitting a negative study to a journal, and therefore choose not to proceed with manuscript submission. Another possibility is that if authors perceive a low likelihood of acceptance of negative findings in a journal with a high impact factor, they may choose to submit to a journal with a lower impact factor. Therefore, negative papers are not only less likely to be published, but when they are published, they may be in a less widely read or influential journal.Publication bias has been examined in many areas of medicine, but has not been comprehensively studied in blood and marrow transplantation (BMT). [4...

Introduction: B cell lymphoma/leukemias (BCL) are a diverse set of malignancies. The genomic landscape of many BCL subtypes have been described. However, genomic ancestry has rarely been investigated. We applied SNP-based genomic ancestry prediction to comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) data to identify significant enrichment of ancestry by subtype. We also explored enrichment of genomic alterations (GAs) by ancestry. Methods: During routine clinical care, 2834 unique patient (pt) samples of BCLs underwent CGP for 406 DNA genes and 265 RNA genes to detect all classes of GAs on the FoundationOne® Heme platform. This dataset was enriched for relapsed/refractory pts as they are more likely to have genomic testing as part of clinical care (referral bias). Each pt was assigned an ancestry of American (AMR), African (AFR), East Asian (EAS), European (EUR), or South Asian (SAS) using a SNP-based machine learning methodology (J. Newberg et al., AACR 2019). AMR was defined using a mix of Hispanic and Latin American populations. Enrichment analyses were performed using Fisher's exact test with FDR correction. Results: We compared the ancestry composition of each BCL subtype to the overall ancestry composition of the rest of the sample set (Fig 1A). Pts of AFR ancestry were overrepresented in plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) (OR=7.2, P<0.05); EAS pts were overrepresented in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) (OR=4.99, P<0.05); and AMR pts were overrepresented in acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL) (OR=3.2, P<0.001). AMR SNPs have been associated with increased risk of B-ALL and worse prognosis (PMID: 21297632). We also investigated GAs enriched in specific ancestries. B-ALL AMR pts were enriched for GAs in IL7R, IGH, CRLF2, JAK2, and IKZF1 compared to other ancestries in B-ALL (Fig 1B). These genes were associated with the high-risk Philadelphia chromosome-like ALL (Ph-like ALL) molecular subtype of B-ALL (PMID: 30181314). We found 33% of all B-ALL contained GAs consistent with Ph-like ALL (PMID: 30181314). While we noted enrichment of AMR pts in the overall B-ALL cohort, we identified additional enrichment in the Ph-like B-ALL cohort with 47% of Ph-like B-ALL pts being of AMR ancestry (OR=1.85, p<0.001). AMR pts accounted for almost half the Ph-ALL pts in this cohort; however, even in B-ALL pts without Ph-like genomic features, 32% were of AMR ancestry suggesting this enrichment is not simply due to increased CGP testing in Ph-ALL. In diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), we found pts to be primarily of EUR ancestry, however we identified ancestry bias in GAs (Fig 1C). CD79B alterations were enriched in DLBCL pts of SAS ancestry, although not significant after FDR correction, consistent with previous reports of increased Activate B-Cell (ABC) cell of origin (COO) subtype and BTK signaling in pts from South East Asia (PMID: 31189540). CDKN2A, also frequently altered in ABC COO subtype, trended towards enrichment in EAS ancestry. CUX1, a tumor suppressor involved in PI3K signaling, was strongly enriched in AFR pts in both DLBCL and B-ALL. One CUX1 insertion variant (G870_G871insSGG) was particularly common in AFR pts with BCL (7/9 AFR, 2/9 AMR), which has been reported previously in Myelodysplastic syndromes (PMID: 24030381). CUX1 alterations have been reported to be associated with increased PI3K signaling suggesting in part PI3K inhibitor trials should proactively include pts of AFR ancestry (PMID: 24316979). Finally, EZH2 alterations were slightly enriched in AMR DLBCL pts, but showed no ancestry bias in follicular lymphoma (FL) pts, of interest given the recent EZH2 inhibitor approval in FL. Conclusions: This study described multiple important genomic differences in BCL using genomic ancestry rather than patient-reported descriptive variables. Enrichment of AMR ancestry was observed in B-ALL overall, and in Ph-like B-ALL. In addition, enrichment of CUX1 alterations was observed in both DLBCL and B-ALL of AFR ancestry. While precision medicine holds the promise to advance cancer care, many acknowledge the potential to unintentionally deepen existing health disparities (PMID: 31112478). Further analysis of ancestry informative markers in BCL, including enrichment of ancestry markers in specific cancer subtypes and ancestry-associated enrichment of specific GAs, may lead to insights into cancer biology and contribute to ongoing cancer health disparities research. Disclosures Moore: Foundation Medicine, Inc: Current Employment; Roche Holdings: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Evens:Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Mylteni: Consultancy, Honoraria; Research To Practice: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; MorphoSys: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Merck: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Epizyme: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Newberg:Roche Holdings: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Foundation Medicine, Inc: Current Employment. Severson:Foundation Medicine, Inc: Current Employment; Roche Holdings: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Mills:Foundation Medicine, Inc: Current Employment; Abbvie: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Roche Holdings: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Abbott: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Merck: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Vergilio:Roche Holdings: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Foundation Medicine, Inc: Current Employment. Trabucco:F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., BioNTech: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Patent pending with Foundation Medicine and Genentech: Patents & Royalties: Patent pending; Foundation Medicine, Inc.: Current Employment; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; BioNTech: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Loxo Oncology: Divested equity in a private or publicly-traded company in the past 24 months. Ganesan:M2GEN: Research Funding; Foundation Medicine, Inc: Consultancy; Inspirata: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy, Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Silagene: Consultancy; Foghorn Therapeutics: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy.

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