Little is known about the health and well-being of people who live on the streets although their lifestyle involves health risks. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the health status and health service needs of homeless people in several South African cities and towns. It was found in some cases that their own or family members' ill-health had contributed to their homelessness. Illnesses associated with poor living conditions or lifestyles were more common in the homeless than in the general population in certain age and sex categories. Access to healthcare was generally good in urban centres and most respondents were satisfied, although some reported discriminatory treatment. The risk profile of the homeless shows that systematic health promotion is required and that some health service providers need to be made more aware of the health needs of the homeless.health, well-being, homelessness, HIV/AIDS, alcohol and substance abuse, mental illness, violence, disability, access to health services, South Africa,

Highlights Displaced Rohingya adolescents face intersecting vulnerabilities during COVID-19. Food insecurity has been exacerbated for Rohingya adolescents during the pandemic. Resuming education is key for the long-term progress of Rohingya adolescents. Health crises in humanitarian contexts negatively impact adolescent trajectories.

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The study demonstrated that: (1) socio-emotional and tangible support were the underlying dimensions of social support; (2) socio-emotional support is an important determinant of health and well-being; and (3) social support is beneficial for one aspect of diabetes mellitus management, namely, BP control.

Homelessness on the streets has been of concern to governments and civil society for hundreds of years, and the number of homeless tends to rise when economic conditions take an adverse turn. Laying stress on questions of access to housing, livelihoods and services, this paper compares the historical causes of homelessness in Britain and Europe, India, the US and South Africa, in order to approach a better understanding of South Africa's own homelessness situation. Internationally, the key debate is whether homelessness is due to simple lack of affordable housing, or to a range of complex factors involving poverty and unemployment. The paper argues that spatial access to street livelihoods and access to the metro core zones are critical factors linking housing access to poverty economics, and it questions whether in South Africa's situation street homelessness can be eliminated in the foreseeable future.homelessness, street people, shack settlements, government policy, poverty, housing delivery, Britain, Europe, India, United States, South Africa,