This study examined the treatment integrity with which general education teachers implemented a reinforcement based intervention designed to improve the academic performance of elementary school students. The intervention was implemented for three children who were referred for consultation services and were identified as exhibiting performance deficits based on prior assessment. Treatment integrity was assessed via permanent products produced by the intervention. The results showed that teachers, maintained adequate treatment integrity for two to four days, after which, implementation began to deteriorate. Subsequent implementation of daily performance feedback by a consultant markedly improved treatment integrity. Intervention use improved student performance for two of the participating students.Consultation and collaboration between general education teachers and specialists such as school psychologists have been widely advocated as means of developing and implementing interventions in general education. Models for the delivery of consultation services such as collaborative consultation (

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We evaluated separate and interactive effects between common classroom contingencies and methylphenidate (MPH) on disruptive and off-task behaviors for 4 children with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Analogue conditions consisting of contingent teacher reprimands, brief time-out, no interaction, and alone were conducted in a multielement design. Medication status (MPH or placebo) was alternated across days in a superordinate multielement design. Results indicate that (a) the behavioral effects of MPH were influenced by one or more of the analogue conditions for each participant, and (b) time-out was associated with zero or near-zero levels of both disruptive and off-task behavior for 3 of the 4 participants during MPH and placebo conditions. Implications for the clinical effectiveness of MPH and possible behavioral mechanisms of action of MPH in applied settings are discussed.

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